Consideraciones finales

AuthorÓscar Celador Angón
Pages161-174
CAPÍTULO VI
CONSIDERACIONES FINALES
A continuación, vamos a intentar sintetizar el modelo constitucional
estadounidense en el contexto del derecho a la libertad de pensamiento,
conciencia y religión, para después determinar en qué medida dicho mode-
lo ha influido en la conformación del sistema educativo.
Modelo Constitucional
La primera enmienda a la Constitución federal reconoce dos grupos
de derechos con el objetivo de proteger el derecho a la igualdad en el ejer-
cicio y titularidad del derecho a la libertad de pensamiento, conciencia y
religión. El primer grupo de derechos establece la prohibición de que el
Estado interfiera en la libertad de los individuos para tener o practicar una
u otras creencias, convicciones, ideas u opiniones (free exercise clause); y
ordena la neutralidad ideológica y religiosa de los poderes públicos y la se-
paración entre el Estado y las creencias o convicciones de la sociedad civil
(establishment clause), que implica que el Estado no puede preferir ningu-
na creencia o convicción u ordenarla como oficial, ni tampoco fomentarla.
El segundo grupo lo conforman las libertades de expresión, de prensa y
asociación, y suponen la libertad para expresar y manifestar las creencias o
convicciones mencionadas.
El Tribunal Supremo federal ha desempeñado un papel capital en este
contexto, interpretando el alcance y contenido de la primera enmienda en
el marco de un modelo de neutralidad ideológica y religiosa de los pode-
res públicos, caracterizado por la ausencia de elementos laicistas, por una
actitud de especial protección del derecho individual de libertad de pensa-

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