Utah

• Pages: 2427-2485

Chapter 48

for the

STATE OF UTAH

Updated and Revised by

Frank M. Hinman, Esq.

Nima E. Sohi, Esq.

Bingham McCutchen LLP

San Francisco, California

The Section of Antitrust Law thanks Ronald J. Ockey, Assistant Attorney General,

and James W. Palmer, Assistant Attorney General, Utah Attorney General’s Office,

for their review of this chapter.

The Section gratefully acknowledges Frederick W. Acker, Esq., Christopher B.

Hockett, Esq., Rianne Nolan, Esq., Harvey I. Saferstein, Esq., Karen Silverman, Esq.,

and Victoria Wong, Esq. for their work on this chapter in prior editions.

Utah 48-iii

CONTENTS

1.Introduction ................................................................................................... 1

1.a.Overview.......................................................................................... 1

1.b.Source of Law–Statutes and Other................................................... 1

1.c.History.............................................................................................. 1

1.d.Relation to Federal Law................................................................... 2

1.e.Remedies.......................................................................................... 3

1.f.Enforcement ..................................................................................... 4

2.The Per Se Rule and the Rule of Reason ....................................................... 4

3.Horizontal Agreements Other Than Group Boycotts .................................... 4

3.a.Price Fixing...................................................................................... 4

3.b.Market Allocation ............................................................................ 6

3.c.Customer Allocation ........................................................................ 6

3.d.Bid Rigging...................................................................................... 6

3.e.Covenants Not toCompete .............................................................. 6

4.Group Boycotts.............................................................................................. 7

4.a.Concerted Refusals to Deal.............................................................. 7

4.b.Expulsion or Exclusion from Membership in Trade

Associations or Other Groups .......................................................... 8

5.Resale Price Maintenance.............................................................................. 8

5.a.Generally.......................................................................................... 8

5.b. Monsanto Rule ................................................................................. 8

5.c.Impact of Leegin .............................................................................. 9

6.Nonprice Vertical Restraints–Intrabrand..................................................... 10

7.Nonprice Vertical Restraints–Interbrand..................................................... 10

8.Tying Arrangements .................................................................................... 11

9.Dual Distribution ......................................................................................... 12

10.Intracorporate Conspiracy............................................................................ 12

11.Monopolization............................................................................................ 12

12.Mergers........................................................................................................ 13

13.Discrimination & Other Single Firm Pricing Regulation ............................ 13

13.a.Price Discrimination ...................................................................... 13

13.a.1.Territorial orLocality Discrimination......................... 14

13.a.2.BuyerLiability ............................................................ 14

13.a.3.Meeting Competition Defense .................................... 14

13.a.4.Functional Classifications ........................................... 15

13.a.5.P reemption .................................................................. 15

13.a.6.O ther Defenses and Exemptions................................. 15

13.a.7.Brokerage .................................................................... 16

13.a.8.Secret P ayments or Allowances.................................. 16

13.a.9.P romotional Allowances and Services........................ 16

13.a.10.SalesBelow Cost and Loss Leaders............................ 16

13.b.Price Gouging and MinimumPricing Statutes............................... 16

13.c.Specific Industry Rules ..................................................................17

13.c.1.A lcohol and Beverages ............................................... 17