Puerto Rico

• Pages: 2117-2150

Chapter 42

for the

COMMONWEALTH OF PUERTO RICO

Updated and Revised by

Brian Simmonds, Esq.

The Section of Antitrust Law gratefully acknowledges Denise L. Díaz, Esq., William

J. Kolasky, Jr., Esq., John F. Malley III, Esq., and Peter A. von Mehren, Esq. for

their work on this chapter in prior editions.

Puerto Rico 42-iii

CONTENTS

1. Introduction ................................................................................................... 1

1.a. Overview.......................................................................................... 1

2. The Per Se Rule and the Rule of Reason ....................................................... 3

3. Horizontal Agreements Other Than Group Boycotts .................................... 4

4. Group Boycotts.............................................................................................. 4

4.a. Concerted Refusals to Deal.............................................................. 4

5. Resale Price Maintenance.............................................................................. 4

6. Nonprice Vertical Restraints–Intrabrand....................................................... 5

7. Nonprice Vertical Restraints–Interbrand....................................................... 5

8. Tying Arrangements ...................................................................................... 5

9. Dual Distribution ........................................................................................... 5

10. Intracorporate Conspiracy.............................................................................. 5

11. Monopolization.............................................................................................. 5

11.a. Monopolization................................................................................ 5

12. Mergers.......................................................................................................... 6

13. Discrimination & Other Single Firm Pricing Regulation .............................. 8

13.a. Price Discrimination ........................................................................ 8

13.a.1. Territorial or Locality Discrimination........................... 9

13.a.2. Buyer Liability.............................................................. 9

13.a.3. Meeting Competition Defense ...................................... 9

13.a.6. O ther Defenses and Exemptions................................... 9

13.a.7. Brokerage .................................................................... 10

13.c. Specific Industry Rules .................................................................. 10

13.c.4. Fuel and Petroleum ..................................................... 10

13.c.8. O thers.......................................................................... 10

14. Exemptions and Defenses to Antitrust Liability.......................................... 10

14.a. Statutory Exemptions and Defenses............................................... 10

14.b. Nonstatutory Exemptions and Defenses ........................................ 11

15. Government Enforcement............................................................................ 11

15.a. Criminal ......................................................................................... 12

15.b. Quasi-Criminal (Civil Penalties).................................................... 12

15.c. Parens Patriae................................................................................. 12

15.d. Civil................................................................................................ 13

15.f. Policy ............................................................................................. 13

16. Private Enforcement .................................................................................... 14

17. Antitrust Aspects of Unfair Practices and Consumer Protection Laws ....... 15

Puerto Rico Statute.................................................................................................... 17