Connecticut

• Pages: 428-495

Chapter 8

for the

STATE OF CONNECTICUT

Updated and Revised by

Robert M. Langer, Esq.

Erika L. Amarante, Esq.

Seth L. Huttner, Esq.

Wiggin and Dana LLP

Hartford, Connecticut

The Section of Antitrust Law gratefully acknowledges Ronald W. Davis, Esq., Mark

W. Heaphy, Esq., William F. Kracklaver, Esq., Steven B. Malech, Esq., James W.

Perkins, Esq., and Steven M. Rutstein, Esq. for their work on this chapter in prior

editions.

Connecticut 8-iii

CONTENTS

1.Introduction ................................................................................................... 1

1.a.Overview.......................................................................................... 1

1.b.Source of Law–Statutes and Other................................................... 1

1.c.History.............................................................................................. 1

1.d.Relation to Federal Law................................................................... 1

1.e.Remedies.......................................................................................... 3

1.f.Enforcement ..................................................................................... 3

2.The Per Se Rule and the Rule of Reason ....................................................... 4

3.Horizontal Agreements Other Than Group Boycotts .................................... 5

3.a.Price Fixing...................................................................................... 5

3.b.Market Allocation ............................................................................ 6

3.c.Customer Allocation ........................................................................ 6

3.d.Bid Rigging...................................................................................... 7

3.e.Covenants Not toCompete .............................................................. 7

4.Group Boycotts.............................................................................................. 7

4.a.Concerted Refusals to Deal.............................................................. 7

4.b.Expulsion or Exclusion from Membership in Trade

Associations or Other Groups .......................................................... 8

5.Resale Price Maintenance.............................................................................. 9

5.a.Generally.......................................................................................... 9

5.b. Monsanto Rule ................................................................................. 9

5.c.Impact of Leegin .............................................................................. 9

6.Nonprice Vertical Restraints–Intrabrand..................................................... 10

7.Nonprice Vertical Restraints–Interbrand..................................................... 10

8.Tying Arrangements .................................................................................... 11

9.Dual Distribution ......................................................................................... 13

10.Intracorporate Conspiracy............................................................................ 13

11.Monopolization............................................................................................ 13

11.aMonopolization.............................................................................. 13

11.b.Attempts to Monopolize................................................................. 15

11.c.Monopoly Leveraging.................................................................... 15

11.d.Predatory Pricing............................................................................ 15

11.e.Conspiracy to Monopolize ............................................................. 15

12.Mergers........................................................................................................ 16

13.Discrimination & Other Single Firm Pricing Regulation ............................ 17

13.a.Price Discrimination ...................................................................... 17

13.a.1.Territorial orLocality Discrimination......................... 18

13.a.2.BuyerLiability ............................................................ 18

13.a.3.Meeting Competition Defense .................................... 18

13.a.4.Functional Classifications ........................................... 18

13.a.5.P reemption .................................................................. 19

13.a.6.O ther Defenses and Exceptions .................................. 19

13.a.7.Brokerage .................................................................... 19

13.a.8.Secret P ayments or Allowances.................................. 19