District of Columbia

• Pages: 528-573

Chapter 10

for the

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA

Updated and Revised by

Peter D. Isakoff, Esq.

Carrie M. Anderson, Esq.

Morgan F. Frontczak, Esq.

Weil, Gotshal & Manges LLP

Washington, D.C.

The Section of Antitrust Law gratefully acknowledges Jeanne M. Forch, Esq., James

R. Loftis III, Esq., Holly E. Loiseau, Esq., Christopher J. MacAvoy, Esq., Donald

Resnikoff, Esq., JamesW. Robertson, Esq., Bennett Rushkoff, Esq., and Steven B.

Steinborn, Esq. for their work on this chapter in prior editions.

District of Columbia 10-iii

CONTENTS

1.Introduction ................................................................................................... 1

1.a.Overview.......................................................................................... 1

1.b.Sources of Law–Statutes and Other................................................. 2

1.d.Relation to Federal Law................................................................... 3

1.e.Remedies.......................................................................................... 5

1.f.Enforcement ..................................................................................... 6

2.The Per Se Rule and the Rule of Reason ....................................................... 6

3.Horizontal Agreements Other Than Group Boycotts .................................... 6

3.a.Price Fixing...................................................................................... 6

3.b.Market Allocation ............................................................................ 7

3.c.Customer Allocation ........................................................................ 8

3.d.Bid Rigging...................................................................................... 8

3.e.Covenants Not toCompete ..............................................................9

4.Group Boycotts............................................................................................ 10

4.a.Concerted Refusals to Deal............................................................ 10

4.b.Expulsion or Exclusion from Membership in Trade

Associations or Other Groups ........................................................ 10

5.Resale Price Maintenance............................................................................ 10

5.b. Monsanto Rule ............................................................................... 11

5.c.Impact of Leegin ............................................................................ 11

6.Nonprice Vertical Restraints–Intrabrand..................................................... 11

7.Nonprice Vertical Restraints–Interbrand..................................................... 11

8.Tying Arrangements .................................................................................... 12

9.Dual Distribution ......................................................................................... 12

10.Intracorporate Conspiracy............................................................................ 12

11.Monopolization............................................................................................ 12

11.a.Attempts to Monopolize................................................................. 13

11.b.Monopoly Leveraging.................................................................... 13

11.d.Predatory Pricing............................................................................ 13

11.e.Conspiracy to Monopolize ............................................................. 14

12.Mergers........................................................................................................ 14

13.Discrimination & Other Single Firm Pricing Regulation ............................ 15

14.Exemptions and Defenses to Antitrust Liability.......................................... 16

14.a.Statutory Exemptions and Defenses............................................... 16

14.a.1.StateAction................................................................. 16

14.a.4.Statuteof Limitations.................................................. 17

14.a.5.P reemption .................................................................. 17

14.a.6.Labor ........................................................................... 18

14.a.7.Insurance ..................................................................... 19

14.a.8.A griculture .................................................................. 19

14.a.15.PublicUtilities ............................................................ 19

14.a.19.P rofessional Associations ........................................... 20

14.a.20.CharitableInstitutions................................................. 20