Montana. Practice Text

Chapter 29

for the

STATE OF MONTANA

Updated and Revised by

Chuck Munson

Assistant Attorney General

Office of Consumer Protection

Montana Department of Justice

Helena, Montana

The Section of Antitrust Law thanks Greg Overturf, Legal Counsel, Montana

Department of Commerce, for his review of this chapter.

The Section gratefully acknowledges Heather M. Cooper, Esq., Don T. Hibner, Jr.,

Esq., Suzanne B. Drennon, Esq., David B. Kinnard, Esq., Jennifer Lum, Esq., Kay

Solomon, Esq., and Carlton A. Varner, Esq. for their work on this chapter in prior

editions.

Montana 29-iii

CONTENTS

1.



Introduction .................................................................................................... 1



1.a.



Overview ........................................................................................... 1



1.b.



Source of Law–Statutes and Other .................................................... 2



1.c.



History ............................................................................................... 2



1.d.



Relation to Federal Law .................................................................... 2



1.e.



Remedies ........................................................................................... 2



1.f.



Enforcement ...................................................................................... 3



2.



The Per Se Rule and the Rule of Reason ........................................................ 3



3.



Horizontal Agreements Other Than Group Boycotts ..................................... 4



3.a.



Price Fixing ....................................................................................... 4



3.b.



Market Allocation ............................................................................. 6



3.c.



Customer Allocation ......................................................................... 6



3.d.



Bid Rigging ....................................................................................... 6



3.e.



Covenants Not to Compete ............................................................... 7



4.



Group Boycotts ............................................................................................... 7



4.a.



Concerted Refusals to Deal ............................................................... 7



4.b.



Expulsion or Exclusion from Membership in Trade

Associations or Other Groups ........................................................... 8



5.



Resale Price Maintenance ............................................................................... 8



5.a.



Generally ........................................................................................... 8



5.b.



Monsanto Rule .................................................................................. 8



5.c.



Impact of Leegin ............................................................................... 9



6.



Nonprice Vertical Restraints–Intrabrand ........................................................ 9



7.



Nonprice Vertical Restrains–Interbrand ......................................................... 9



8.



Tying Arrangements ..................................................................................... 10



9.



Dual Distribution .......................................................................................... 10



10.



Intracorporate Conspiracy............................................................................. 10



11.



Monopolization ............................................................................................. 11



11.a.



Monopolization ............................................................................... 11



11.b.



Attempts to Monopolize .................................................................. 12



11.c.



Monopoly Leveraging ..................................................................... 12



11.d.



Predatory Pricing ............................................................................. 12



11.e.



Conspiracy to Monopolize .............................................................. 13



12.



Mergers ......................................................................................................... 13



13.



Discrimination & Other Single Firm Pricing Regulation ............................. 14



13.a.



Price Discrimination ....................................................................... 14



13.a.1.



Territorial or Locality Discrimination ........................ 15



13.a.2.



Buyer Liability ............................................................ 15



13.a.3.



Meeting Competition Defense .................................... 16



13.a.4.



Functional Classifications ........................................... 16



13.a.5.



Preemption .................................................................. 16



13.a.6.



Other Defenses and Exemptions ................................. 16



13.a.7.



Brokerage.................................................................... 17



13.a.8.



Secret Payments or Allowances .................................. 17

