Index

• Pages: 563-580

563

Index

A

Act to Prevent Pollution from Ships

78

Agency for Toxic Substances and

Disease Registry 288

Alternative Fines Act 103

B

Bureau of Land Management 72

C

California Environmental Quality

Act 30

California response to global

climate change 6–7

California Air Resources Board 6

California Climate Action

Registry 6

California Global Warming

Solutions Act of 2006 6

California Public Utilities

Commission 6

citizen suits 321–47

Comprehensive Environmental

Response, Compensation, and

Liability Act 323

citizen-enforcement suits 321–22

Clean Water Act 322

Clean Air Act Amendments of

1970 321

defenses 342–45

abstention 344

governmental immunity 344–

45

mootness 344

res judicata 344

standing 343

statute of limitations 343

statutory conditions to suit

343

Federal Insecticide, Fungicide,

and Rodenticide Act 321

mandatory regulatory duties 322

pleading elements of 336–38

continuing violation 337

lack of diligent prosecution

337

notice 337

standing 337

substantive elements 338

proof 338–42

activity without a required

permit 339

appropriate remedial measures

342

communication with govern-

ment agencies 340

compliance efforts 340

continuous-air-monitoring

data 339

discharge monitoring reports

338

economic benefit of noncom-

pliance 341

environmental audit informa-

tion 339

environmental harm 340–41

failure to obtain a permit 339

historic site practices 338

imminent and substantial

endangerment 340

organizational capacity 342

plaintiffs’ standing to sue 342

564 ENVIRONMENTAL LITIGATION: LAW AND STRATEGY

process improvement recom-

mendations 340

remedial investigation studies

339

violations 338–39

remedies 345–46

attorneys’ fees 346

civil penalties 346

injunctive relief 345

settlements 347–58

plaintiffs’ claim for attorneys’

fees 347

standing 332–36

individual 332–35

mootness 336

organizational 335–36

statutory provisions 323–26

Clean Water Act 323

Comprehensive Environmen-

tal Response, Compensa-

tion and Liability Act 324

Emergency Planning and

Community Right to Know

Act 325

Endangered Species Act 325

Resource Conservation and

Recovery Act 324

Safe Drinking Water Act 325

Toxic Substances Control Act

325

See also conditions precedent to

citizen suits

civil enforcement of environmental

laws. See environmental civil

enforcement

Class Actions Fairness Act 298

Clean Air Act

citizen suits 334

civil enforcement 126

conditions precedent to citizen

suits 326

criminal penalties under 76

endangerment authorities 135

Energy Policy Conservation Act

378

New Source Review 343

permit enforcement 134

political question doctrine,

application of 368

provisions for state environmental

standards 379

regulatory claims 131–33

Section 113(c) 76

Section 209 16

statute of limitations 147

tailpipe-emission standards 379

Clean Water Act

citizen suits 322

civil enforcement 124

civil penalties under 141–42

conditions precedent to citizen

suits 326

criminal penalties under 74–76

direct statutory claims 130

endangerment authorities 136

felony provisions 84

injunctions sought under 139

negligence provision 83

permit as a shield provision 145

permit enforcement 133

pesticide litigation 484–86

pollutant, defined 483

responsible corporate officer

liability 86

statutory citizen-suit provisions

323

upset and bypass provisions 145

Commerce Clause

enactment of environmental laws

under 370

limited statutory construction in

environmental litigation 371

provisions of 370

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service

listing of protected species

372