Colorado. Practice Text
Chapter 7
for the
STATE OF COLORADO
Updated and Revised by
James E. Hartley, Esq.
Jonathan S. Bender, Esq.
Holland & Hart LLP
Denver, Colorado
The Section of Antitrust Law thanks Jan Michael Zavislan, Deputy Attorney
General, Colorado Attorney General’s Office, for his review of this chapter.
The Section gratefully acknowledges Barry E. Cohen, Esq., M. Antonio Gallegos,
Esq., Dawnee Giammittorio, Esq., Thorvald A. Nelson, Esq., B. Lawrence Theis,
Esq., and Nancy A. Trethewey, Esq. for their work on this chapter in prior editions.
Colorado 7-iii
CONTENTS
1.
Introduction ................................................................................................... 1
1.a.
Overview ........................................................................................... 1
1.d.
Relation to Federal Law .................................................................... 1
1.e.
Remedies ........................................................................................... 2
1.f.
Enforcement ...................................................................................... 2
2.
The Per Se Rule and the Rule of Reason ....................................................... 3
3.
Horizontal Agreements Other Than Group Boycotts .................................... 4
3.a.
Price Fixing ....................................................................................... 4
3.b.
Market Allocation ............................................................................. 5
3.d.
Bid Rigging ....................................................................................... 5
3.e.
Covenants Not to Compete ............................................................... 6
4.
Group Boycotts .............................................................................................. 7
4.a.
Concerted Refusals to Deal ............................................................... 8
4.b.
Expulsion or Exclusion from Membership in Trade
Associations or Other Groups ........................................................... 8
5.
Resale Price Maintenance .............................................................................. 9
5.a.
Generally ........................................................................................... 9
5.b.
Monsanto Rule .................................................................................. 9
5.c.
Impact of Leegin ............................................................................. 10
6.
Nonprice Vertical Restraints–Intrabrand ..................................................... 10
7.
Nonprice Vertical Restraints–Interbrand ..................................................... 10
8.
Tying Arrangements .................................................................................... 11
9.
Dual Distribution ......................................................................................... 12
10.
Intracorporate Conspiracy............................................................................ 12
11.
Monopolization ............................................................................................ 12
11.a.
Monopolization ............................................................................... 12
11.c.
Monopoly Leveraging ..................................................................... 13
12.
Mergers ........................................................................................................ 13
13.
Discrimination & Other Forms of Single Firm Pricing Regulation ............. 14
13.a.
Price Discrimination ....................................................................... 14
13.a.1.
Territorial or Locality Discrimination .......................... 14
13.a.2.
Buyer Liability ............................................................. 15
13.a.3.
Meeting Competition Defense ..................................... 15
13.a.6.
Other Defenses and Exemptions .................................. 15
13.a.8.
Secret Payments or Allowances ................................... 16
13.a.9.
Promotional Allowances and Services ......................... 16
13.a.10.
Sales Below Cost and Loss Leaders............................. 16
13.c.
Specific Industry Rules ................................................................... 19
13.c.2.
Cigarettes ..................................................................... 19
13.c.4.
Fuel and Petroleum ...................................................... 19
14.
Exemptions and Defenses to Antitrust Liability .......................................... 20
14.a.
Statutory Exemptions and Defenses ................................................ 20
14.a.1.
State Action .................................................................. 20
14.a.4.
Statute of Limitations ................................................... 20
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