Virtual Clones of Cyber-Physical Production Systems, Workspace Digital Twins, and Multi-Sensor Fusion Technologies in the Interactive Industrial Metaverse.

• Author: Nagy, Marek

1. Introduction

   Image processing and 3D modeling tools, explainable artificial intelligence-based decision support and big data computing systems, and monitoring and sensing technologies assist immersive 3D virtual environments and the industrial metaverse. The purpose of our systematic review is to examine the recently published literature on the interactive industrial metaverse and integrate the insights it configures on virtual clones of cyber-physical production systems, workspace digital twins, and multi-sensor fusion technologies. By analyzing the most recent (2022) and significant (Web of Science, Scopus, and ProQuest) sources, our paper has attempted to prove that interactive virtual and extended reality environments develop on deep convolutional neural networks, metaverse engagement metrics, and 3D modeling and simulation technologies. The actuality and novelty of this study are articulated by addressing immersive virtual space and interactive industrial metaverse, that is an emerging topic involving much interest. Our research problem is whether Industrial Internet of Things and smart manufacturing and product-service systems shape remote monitoring and control across workspace digital twins.

   In this review, prior findings have been cumulated indicating that auditory and visual immersion systems, 3D modeling and data acquisition tools, and deep learning and machine vision algorithms (Kliestik et al., 2022) assist extended reality environments and the industrial metaverse. The identified gaps advance metaverse and digital twin technologies (Grupac and Lazaroiu, 2022), 3D contextual data, and spatial analytics. Our main objective is to indicate that data analytics and mobile geofencing technologies, machine learning and computer vision algorithms (Zvarikova et al., 2023), and digital twin, smart manufacturing, and cyber-physical systems (Valaskova et al., 2022) articulate the blockchain-based metaverse. This systematic review contributes to the literature on location-aware networked systems and sensors, digital twin technologies, and 3D virtual reality simulation tools (Machova et al, 2022) by clarifying that behavior modeling tools enable immersive industrial services and work experiences in virtual meetings, metaverse offices, and simulated environments.

2. Theoretical Overview of the Main Concepts

   Cloud computing machines, decision-making process automation and artificial intelligence-powered prediction tools, and captured image data optimize 3D digital environments. Data fusion and cognitive enhancement technologies, spatial computing and sensor path planning algorithms, and simulation modeling and geospatial mapping tools configure extended reality and shared virtual environments. Virtual simulation and spatial cognition algorithms, digital twin modeling and real-time data tracking tools, and virtual clones of cyber-physical production systems configure hyperrealistic virtual worlds. The manuscript is organized as following: theoretical overview (section 2), methodology (section 3), industrial 5G networks of virtual machines, factories, and workspaces (section 4), decision-making process automation and simulation modeling tools, image recognition and 3D virtual immersive technologies, and cognitive artificial intelligence and deep learning algorithms in the industrial metaverse (section 5), machine learning and environment mapping algorithms, bio-inspired artificial vision and Internet of Things-based decision support systems, and spatial cognition and virtual navigation tools in the industrial metaverse (section 6), discussion (section 7), synopsis of the main research outcomes (section 8), conclusions (section 9), limitations, implications, and further directions of research (section 10).

3. Methodology

   We carried out a quantitative literature review of ProQuest, Scopus, and the Web of Science throughout July 2022, with search terms including "the interactive industrial metaverse" + "virtual clones of cyber-physical production systems," "workspace digital twins," and "multi-sensor fusion technologies." As we analyzed research published in 2022, only 159 papers met the eligibility criteria. By removing controversial or unclear findings (scanty/unimportant data), results unsupported by replication, undetailed content, or papers having quite similar titles, we decided on 26, chiefly empirical, sources (Tables 1 and 2). Data visualization tools: Dimensions (bibliometric mapping) and VOSviewer (layout algorithms). Reporting quality assessment tool: PRISMA. Methodological quality assessment tools include: AMSTAR, Distiller SR, ROBIS, and SRDR (Figures 1-6).

4. Industrial 5G Networks of Virtual Machines, Factories, and Workspaces

   Metaverse and digital twin technologies, 3D contextual data, and spatial analytics (Bordegoni and Ferrise, 2023; Cho et al., 2023; Navarro and Pita, 2023; Truong et al., 2023) configure industrial 5G networks of virtual machines, factories, and workspaces. Virtual machine interoperability, biometric and behavioral data, and human digital twin and geospatial big data visualization systems further immersive 3D worlds and the industrial meta-verse. Interactive virtual and extended reality environments develop on deep convolutional neural networks, metaverse engagement metrics, and 3D modeling and simulation technologies.

   Location-aware networked systems and sensors, digital twin technologies, and 3D virtual reality simulation tools (Cao et al., 2023; Chen, 2023; Magalhaes et al., 2022; Tlili et al., 2023) configure immersive virtual space and interactive industrial metaverse. Auditory and visual immersion systems, 3D modeling and data acquisition tools, and deep learning and machine vision algorithms assist extended reality environments and the industrial metaverse. Decentralized 3D digital worlds integrate visual and spatial intelligence tools, eye-tracking and user identification technologies, and situational awareness and predictive maintenance algorithms.

   Metaverse-based industrial services (Cao et al., 2023; Chen, 2023; Kaarlela et al., 2023; Tlili et al., 2023) require immersive technologies in virtual factories. Behavior modeling tools enable immersive industrial services and work experiences in virtual meetings, metaverse offices, and simulated environments. Image processing and 3D modeling tools, explainable artificial intelligence-based decision...