Treating Neck and Back Injuries

• Author: Michael J. Morse
• Pages: 255-340

CHAPTER 4

Treating Neck and Back

Injuries

I. Conservative

A. Introduction

§ 4:10 Introduction

§ 4:20 Bedrest

B. Traction

§ 4:30 Introduction

§ 4:40 Applying Traction

§ 4:50 Traction Devices

C. Drugs

1. Introduction

§ 4:60 Prescribing Drugs

§ 4:70 Physicians’ Desk Reference Guides

2. Types of Drugs

§ 4:80 The Inflammatory Response

§ 4:81 Anti-Inflammatories

§ 4:90 Muscle Relaxants

§ 4:100 Analgesics

§ 4:101 Epidural Steroids

D. Physical Therapy and Manipulation

§ 4:110 Overview

§ 4:111 The Role of the Physical Therapist

§ 4:120 Heat Application

§ 4:130 Cold Application (Cryotherapy)

§ 4:140 Ultrasound

E. Other Forms of Treatment

§ 4:150 Physical Therapy: Electroanalgesia by Means of

Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS)

§ 4:151 The Use of TENS to Treat Cervical Pain Syndrome

§ 4:152 Spinal Cord Stimulation

§ 4:160 Facet Joint Injections

§ 4:160.1 Facet Technologies

§ 4:161 Trigger Point Injection

§ 4:161.1 Botulinum Toxin as Treatment for Whiplash-

Associated Neck Pain

§ 4:162 Arthrocentesis

§ 4:163 Trigger Points For Myofascial Pain Syndrome

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§ 4:170 Epidural Steroid Injections

§ 4:180 Epidural Venogram

§ 4:181 Willow Bark Extract

§ 4:190 Massage

§ 4:191 Early Physical Therapy

§ 4:192 Lumbar Supports

§ 4:193 MedX® Program

§ 4:194 Homeopathic Gel

§ 4:195 Therapeutic Magnets

§ 4:196 Radiofrequency Neurotomy

§ 4:196.1 The Anatomy of Facet Joints and Sacroiliac Joints

§ 4:197 Complications of Radiofrequency Neurotomy

§ 4:200 Sciatica Exercises

§ 4:200.1 Exercise For Sciatica (Herniated Disk)

§ 4:200.2 Exercise for Sciatica (Spinal Stenosis)

§ 4:200.3 Exercise for Sciatica (Degenerative Disk Disease)

§ 4:200.4 Exercise for Sciatica (Isthmic Spondylothesis)

§ 4:200.5 Exercise for Sciatic Pain (Piriformis Syndrome)

§ 4:200.6 Exercise for Sciatic Pain (Sacroiliac Joint

Dysfunction)

§ 4:200.7 Sciatica (Hamstring Stretching Exercises)

§ 4:201 Back School

§ 4:202 Taking a History of Low Back Pain

§ 4:203 MacKenzie Protocol for Low Back Pain

§ 4:204 Waddell Score

§ 4:210 Checklist: Organic Causes of Low Back Pain

§ 4:211 Cervical Nonorganic Signs

§ 4:212 Physical Therapy Clinical Practice Guidelines

§ 4:213 Sample Report on Permanent Impairment Resulting from Neck

or Back Injury

II. Surgical Intervention

A. Justifying Surgery

§ 4:220 Introduction

§ 4:230 Motor Deficits

§ 4:240 Pain

§ 4:241 Clinical Screening for Surgical Spine Injuries

B. Conditions Requiring Surgery

§ 4:250 Treatment Options for Herniated Discs

§ 4:250.1 Surgery for Herniated Discs

§ 4:251 Indications for Cervical Spine Surgery

§ 4:252 Complications of Cervical Spine Surgery

§ 4:253 Post-Operative Complications

§ 4:254 Surgical Procedures for Acute Disc Herniation

§ 4:260 Nerve Root Entrapment

§ 4:261 Summary of Various Forms of Spine Surgery

§ 4:270 Causalgia

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§ 4:280 Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy

§ 4:281 Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS)

§ 4:281.1 Erythromelalgia

§ 4:282 Pain Syndrome

§ 4:283 Cervical Spine Surgery

§ 4:283.1 Disk Nucleus Replacement

§ 4:283.2 Other Lumbar Artificial Disk Developments

§ 4:283.3 Lumbar Artificial Disk Surgery

§ 4:283.4 Suggestions of Questions to Ask Spine Surgeon

§ 4:284 Medical Conditions That May Cause Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

§ 4:285 Diagnosis of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

§ 4:286 Chiropractic Treatment For Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

§ 4:287 Laser Light Therapy Treatment

§ 4:288 American College of Orthopedic Surgeons’ Recommended

Carpal Tunnel Decompression Exercises

§ 4:289 Steroid Injection

III. Psychological Treatment

A. Elements of Chronic Pain Syndrome

§ 4:290 Introduction

§ 4:300 Persistent Complaints of Pain

§ 4:310 Impaired Functioning

§ 4:320 Emotional Distress

§ 4:321 General Signs and Symptoms Associated with Fibromyalgia

Syndrome

§ 4:321.1 Diagnostic Criteria

§ 4:321.2 Limitations on Diagnostic Criteria

§ 4:322 Three Major Types of Fibromyalgia Syndrome

§ 4:323 Fibromyalgia and Psychogenic Disorders

§ 4:324 Prognostic Factors For Development of Fibromyalgia

§ 4:325 Fibromyalgia Disability Rating

§ 4:326 Fibromyalgia in Men

§ 4:327 Fibromyalgia Symptoms: Fibrofog

B. Results of Chronic Pain

§ 4:329 Hormones and Fibromyalgia

§ 4:329.1 Sleep Disturbances and Fibromyalgia

§ 4:329.2 Muscle Injury and Fibromyalgia

§ 4:329.3 Massage Therapy and Fibromyalgia

§ 4:329.4 Chronic Opioid and Analgesic Therapy

§ 4:329.5 Behavior Therapies

§ 4:330 Chemical Dependency

§ 4:340 Family Discord

§ 4:350 Vocational Difficulties

§ 4:351 Analgesics and Chronic Pain

§ 4:352 Chronic Back Pain and Depression

§ 4:353 Update on Cox-2 Inhibitors and Other NSAIDs