Temporary Restraining Orders and Preliminary Injunctions

• Author: Jennifer Duncan-Brice
• Pages: 667-700

TROS, PRELIMINARY

INJUNCTIONS

16-1

CHAPTER 16

TEMPORARY RESTRAINING ORDERS

AND PRELIMINARY INJUNCTIONS

QUICK VIEW

Def‌initions: A temporary restraining order (TRO) is an emergency remedy issued to maintain the status quo until a

hearing can be held on application for a preliminary injunction (PI). A PI is a provisional remedy granted to preserve

the status quo pending a hearing on the merits of the case.

Scope of Chapter: Grounds for TROs and PIs; procedures to obtain and oppose TROs and PIs; dissolution; appeal;

damages for wrong issuance; enforcement by contempt; and specif‌ic subjects of injunction actions.

Strategies and Tactics: Counsel should devote just as much preparation to hearings on temporary matters as to trial on

the merits. TROs and PIs are not intended as a substitute for a trial on the merits but they sometimes have that effect. And

the ruling may create interim hardships for the losing party and have a signif‌icant effect on the range of settlement offers.

Statutes and Rules: 735 ILCS §§5/11-101—5/11-110; SCR 307.

Related Topics: Motion Practice, Ch 14; Forum Selection: Venue, Forum non Conveniens, and Removal, Ch 8; Parties, Ch 12.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

I. OVERVIEW

§16:01 Types of Injunction

§16:02 Temporary Restraining Order

§16:03 Preliminary Injunction (PI)

§16:04 Permanent Injunction

§16:05 Status Quo Def‌ined

§16:06 Actions in Which Injunctions Are Allowed

§16:07 Injunctions May Be Either Prohibitive or Mandatory

§16:08 Issues of Comity

§16:09 Enjoin Litigation

II. GROUNDS FOR TEMPORARY INJUNCTIVE RELIEF

§16:20 Grounds

§16:21 Exception for Express Statutory Authorization

§16:22 Clearly Ascertainable Right

§16:23 Irreparable Injury

§16:24 Injury Must Be Actual, Impending, or Continuing

TROS, PRELIMINARY

INJUNCTIONS

Illinois Pretrial Practice 16-2

§16:25 Injury Must Be Substantial

§16:26 Lack of Adequate Remedy at Law

§16:27 Likelihood of Success on The Merits

§16:28 Balance of Equities

§16:29 No Balancing Where Statute Violation

III. DEFENSES TO TEMPORARY INJUNCTIVE RELIEF

§16:40 Hardship to Third Parties

§16:41 Issue Moot

§16:42 Harm to Public Interest

§16:43 Unclean Hands

§16:44 Ripeness

§16:45 Laches

§16:46 Delay in Seeking Injunction

§16:47 Motions Pursuant to 735 ILCS 5/2-619

IV. ACTIONS FOR TEMPORARY INJUNCTIVE RELIEF

A. Jurisdiction and Venue

§16:60 Subject Matter Jurisdiction

§16:61 Check Venue

B. Parties

§16:70 Plaintiffs

§16:71 Defendants

§16:72 Personal Jurisdiction

C. TRO Procedure

1. Obtaining a TRO

§16:80 Checklist for TRO

§16:81 Prepare and File Complaint

§16:82 Prepare Motion

§16:83 Aff‌idavits Required When No Notice Given

§16:84 Aff‌idavits Required When Notice Given

§16:85 Aff‌idavits Required to Obtain TRO on Weekend or Holiday

§16:86 File Complaint and Obtain Assignment to Trial Judge

§16:87 Request Time for Hearing

2. Notice

§16:100 Special Requirements for TRO Without Notice

§16:101 Notice to Defendant

3. Opposition to TRO

§16:110 Prepare Opposition Papers

§16:111 Appear at Hearing

4. Hearing

§16:120 TRO Hearing

§16:121 Court Reporter

§16:122 Conduct of Hearing — No Notice

§16:123 Conduct of Hearing — Notice Given

5. Order

§16:130 TRO Order

§16:131 Bond

§16:132 Filing of Order

§16:133 Duration of TRO

§16:134 Service of TRO on Defendant

§16:135 Return of Service

§16:136 Specif‌ics of Order

TROS, PRELIMINARY

INJUNCTIONS

16-3 Temporary Restraining Orders and Preliminary Injunctions

D. PI Procedure

1. Obtaining a PI

§16:140 Checklist for a PI

§16:141 Prepare and File Complaint

§16:142 Prepare Motion

§16:143 Prepare Aff‌idavits

§16:144 Setting PI Hearing

2. Notice

§16:150 Required Notice to Defendant

3. Opposition to PI

§16:160 File Answer

§16:161 Defendant’s Aff‌idavits and Evidence

§16:162 Appear at Hearing

4. Hearing

§16:170 Court Reporter

§16:171 PI Hearing

5. Order

§16:180 Order

§16:181 Bond

§16:182 Who Is Bound

E. Bonds

§16:190 Bond Requirement

§16:191 Court’s Discretion

§16:192 Be Prepared to Post Bond

§16:193 Liability of Surety

V. DISSOLUTION OF TROS AND PIS

§16:200 Court’s Authority to Dissolve Injunction

§16:201 Dissolution on Failure to Obtain PI

§16:202 Motion to Dissolve TRO Without Notice

§16:203 Motion to Dissolve TRO or PI With Notice

§16:204 Aff‌idavits

§16:205 Notice of Motion

§16:206 Hearing

VI. APPEAL

A. TRO

§16:220 Review by Petition in Appellate Court

§16:221 Contents and Time for Petition

§16:222 Record

§16:223 Supporting and Responding Memoranda

§16:224 No Replies or Extensions of Time

§16:225 Time for Decision

§16:226 Different Schedule by Order of Court

B. PI

§16:240 Right to Appeal

§16:241 Time for Appeal

§16:242 Record

§16:243 Filing Schedule

C. Standard of Review

§16:250 Abuse of Discretion

§16:251 Required Notice Not Given

§16:252 Waiver of Arguments Not Raised Below