One Size Fits all or Tailor‐Made? Building Appropriate Certification Systems for Geographical Indications in Southeast Asia
Date | 01 March 2017 |
DOI | http://doi.org/10.18278/wfp.3.2.4.1.6 |
Author | Delphine Marie‐Vivien,Isabelle Vagneron |
Published date | 01 March 2017 |
105
One Size Fits all or Tailor-Made? Building
Appropriate Certication Systems for
Geographical Indications in Southeast Asia
Delphine Marie-Vivien1 and Isabelle Vagneron2
A
Geographical indications (GIs)—i.e. indications identifying goods
originating in a specic place and having quality, characteristics,
and reputation attributable to their geographical origin—are de-
veloping fast in the Southeast Asian food sector, with a wide range
of new products such as Khao Hom Mali and ung Kula Rong-Hai
(fragrant rice), Kampot pepper, or Nuoc Mam Phu Quoc (sh sauce).
Aer concentrating their eorts on registering GIs (to protect the
name against counterfeit), GI promoters needed to decide how to
control product compliance with GI specications for specic qual-
ity. is paper analyzes the control and certication procedures for
GIs in four Southeast Asian countries—ailand, Vietnam, Cam-
bodia, and Laos—and the challenges faced in building an ecient
yet appropriate system of controls in these countries. Inuenced
by the “gold standard” of certication in place of organic agricul-
ture, nding appropriate GI control systems is one of the dilemmas
faced by these countries. e article discusses the main dierences
between GIs and other agricultural standards—specications that
are unique to each GI, endogenous, and based on local production
practices—and the consequences in terms of certication. Indeed,
in the case of GIs, other options than private third-party certica-
tion could better ensure that GI rules are followed, which may rely
on the knowledge producers and connoisseurs have of the product.
Keywords: geographical indication, control, third-party certica-
tion, standard, ASEAN
1 1) CIRAD, UMR INNOVATION, F-34398 Montpellier, France, 2) INNOVATION, Univ Montpel-
lier, CIRAD, Montpellier, France, 3) MALICA research platform, Hanoi, Vietnam
2 1) CIRAD, UMR INNOVATION, F-34398 Montpellier, 2) MOISA, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD,
Montpellier, France 3) MALICA research platform, Vientiane, Lao PDR
World Food Policy • Vol. 3, No. 2 / Vol. 4, No. 1 • Fall 2016 / Spring 2017
doi: 10.18278/wfp.3.2.4.1.6
World Food Policy
106
R
Las indicaciones geográcas (GIs)—por ejemplo, indicaciones que
identican bienes que originan en algún lugar especíco y que tie-
nen una calidad, características y reputación que se le pueden atri-
buir a su origen geográco—están teniendo un rápido desarrollo
en el sector alimenticio del sudeste asiático, con un rango amplio
de nuevos productos como Khao Hom Mali y ung Kula Rong-
Hai (arroz aromático), Pimienta de Kampot o Nuoc Mam Phu Quoc
(salsa de pescado). Después de concentrar sus esfuerzos en registrar
GIs (para proteger el nombre contra las falsicaciones), los promo-
tores de las GIs necesitan decidir cómo controlar el cumplimiento
del producto con las especicaciones de las GIs para una calidad
especíca. Este documento analiza los procedimientos de control y
certicación para las GIs en países del sudeste asiático—Tailandia,
Vietnam, Camboya y Laos—y los desafíos que se enfrentan al crear
sistemas de controles que sean ecientes y también apropiados en
estos países. Bajo la inuencia del “estándar dorado” de la certi-
cación en lugar de la agricultura orgánica, encontrar sistemas de
control de GIs apropiados es uno de los dilemas que enfrentan es-
tos países. Este artículo discute las principales diferencias entre las
GIs y otros estándares agrícolas—especicaciones que son únicas
para cada GI, endógenas y basadas en prácticas de producción lo-
cal—y las consecuencias en términos de la certicación. De hecho,
en el caso de las GIs, opciones diferentes a la certicación privada
de terceros podrían ser mejores para asegurarse que las reglas de
las GI se sigan, lo que podría depender del conocimiento que los
productores y expertos tienen del producto.
Palabras clave: indicación geográca, control, certicación de
terceros, estándar, ASEAN
摘要
地理标志(Geographical indications,GIs)—即能够识别商品
源自特定地点并具备可归因于该地理来源的品质、特性和声
誉的标志—正在东南亚粮食产业中迅速发展,许多新产品由
此诞生,例如Khao Hom Mali 和 ung Kula Rong-Hai (泰国香
米),Kampot pepper(贡布胡椒)和Nuoc Mam Phu Quoc(越
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