Digital Twin-enabled Industrial Internet of Things, Multi-Sensory Extended Reality and Immersive Holographic Imaging Technologies, and 3D Modeling and Virtual Simulation Tools across Blockchain-based Decentralized Metaverse Systems.

• Author: Durana, Pavol

1. Introduction

   Augmented and virtual reality technology-based equipment maintenance, industrial digital twins, and 5G-based mobile robot management articulate simulated machines and factories. The purpose of our systematic review is to examine the recently published literature on blockchain-based decentralized metaverse systems and integrate the insights it configures on digital twin-enabled industrial Internet of Things, multi-sensory extended reality and immersive holographic imaging technologies, and 3D modeling and virtual simulation tools. By analyzing the most recent (2022) and significant (Web of Science, Scopus, and ProQuest) sources, our paper has attempted to prove that the computational imaginary of hyper-realistic 3D worlds require algorithmic deep generative model-based synthetic media production, 3D deformation simulation technologies, machine learning-based production planning and scheduling systems, and collaborative intelligence tools. The actuality and novelty of this study are articulated by addressing multi-sensory extended reality in immersive 3D worlds and in the industrial metaverse, that is an emerging topic involving much interest. Our research problem is whether connected machines and objects, data processing tools, and 3D computer vision-based production technologies (Kliestik et al, 2022) optimize cyber-physical system-based smart manufacturing.

   In this review, prior findings have been cumulated indicating that multi-sensory immersive experiences across blockchain-based decentralized metaverse systems develop on spatial audio and mobile device technologies, remote terminal devices, and digital twin data. The identified gaps advance immersive 3D and virtual twin technologies, virtual navigation and context modeling tools (Zvarikova et al, 2023), and deep learning-based image processing and visual perception algorithms. Our main objective is to indicate that multi-sensory extended reality and immersive holographic imaging technologies (Grupac and Lazaroiu, 2022), computer vision and resource allocation algorithms, and graphic processing unit-based virtual machines optimize edge artificial intelligence-based metaverse architectures and infrastructure virtualization. This systematic review contributes to the literature on realtime data and image processing tools (Machova et al, 2022), visual localization and mapping devices, and semantic communication technologies in the industrial metaverse by clarifying that automated speech recognition and visual imagery tools, eye-tracking and cognitive artificial intelligence technologies, and hyper-realistic immersive 3D simulations (Valaskova et al., 2022) are pivotal across extended reality environments and on blockchain-based metaverse platforms.

2. Theoretical Overview of the Main Concepts

   The manuscript is organized as following: theoretical overview (section 2), methodology (section 3), bio-inspired computational intelligence and situational awareness algorithms, multi-sensory extended reality and immersive holographic imaging technologies, and virtual navigation and synthetic data tools in the industrial metaverse (section 4), edge artificial intelligence computing and multimodal sensing systems, holographic imaging and 3D modeling technologies, and virtual mapping and neural network-based recognition algorithms in the industrial metaverse (section 5), simulated machines and factories, sensorial and cognitive technologies, and the computational imaginary of hyper-realistic 3D worlds in the industrial metaverse (section 6), discussion (section 7), synopsis of the main research outcomes (section 8), conclusions (section 9), limitations, implications, and further directions of research (section 10).

3. Methodology

   Throughout August 2022, a quantitative literature review of the Web of Science, Scopus, and ProQuest databases was performed, with search terms including "blockchain-based decentralized metaverse systems" + "digital twin-enabled industrial Internet of Things," "multi-sensory extended reality and immersive holographic imaging technologies," and "3D modeling and virtual simulation tools." As research published in 2022 was inspected, only 147 articles satisfied the eligibility criteria. By taking out controversial or ambiguous findings (insufficient/irrelevant data), outcomes unsubstantiated by replication, too general material, or studies with nearly identical titles, we selected 18 mainly empirical sources (Tables 1 and 2). Data visualization tools: Dimensions (bibliometric mapping) and VOSviewer (layout algorithms). Reporting quality assessment tool: PRISMA. Methodological quality assessment tools include: AMSTAR, Dedoose, Distiller SR, and SRDR (Figures 1-6).

4. Bio-inspired Computational Intelligence and Situational Awareness Algorithms, Multi-Sensory Extended Reality and Immersive Holographic Imaging Technologies, and Virtual Navigation and Synthetic Data Tools in the Industrial Metaverse

   User journey and big geospatial data analytics, cognitive enhancement and digital contact tracing technologies, and machine vision and deep learning algorithms (Chang et al., 2022; Khalaj et al., 2023; Laviola et al., 2022; Stavroulakis et al., 2022) shape multi-sensory extended reality in immersive 3D worlds and in the industrial metaverse. Multi-sensory extended reality and immersive holographic imaging technologies, computer vision and resource allocation algorithms, and graphic processing unit-based virtual machines optimize edge artificial intelligence-based metaverse architectures and infrastructure virtualization.

   Virtual 3D scene simulation, deep reinforcement learning-based algorithms, 6G-enabled edge artificial intelligence, mobile edge computing networks, data mining and scene recognition technologies, and virtual reality terminal devices (Chang et al., 2022; Khalaj et al., 2023; Stavroulakis et al., 2022; Tlili et al., 2023) configure the industrial metaverse. Bio-inspired computational intelligence and situational awareness algorithms, metaverse assets and services, and virtual navigation and synthetic data tools are...