CHAPTER 3

JurisdictionUnited States
CHAPTER 3 HOW ARE VACCINES DISCOVERED?

How does a developer find the key attribute in the virus that is to be the target?1 With live Attenuated Vaccines, such as the limited viral replication of inoculated viral genetic material in the vaccine for measles-mumps-rubella, rotavirus, smallpox, and chickenpox (varicella), the focus was on the body's response. These specialized vaccines trigger the body's innate immune response to identify the pathogen and to relay information to the immune cells (T and B lymphocytes). This targeting mimics the path of a natural infection, and for that reason, an effective vaccine dose can cause mild-to-severe adverse reactions.

With the use of inactivated virus particles in vaccines, the nonreplicating material is administered by a needle injection ("inoculation") and requires an adjuvant to stimulate the body's innate immune response. These are safer...

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