Algorithmic Governance and Technological Guidance of Connected and Autonomous Vehicle Use: Regulatory Policies, Traffic Liability Rules, and Ethical Dilemmas.

• Author: Lyakina, Maria

1. Introduction

   Present liability regulation does not keep up with the technological advancements. (Bellet et al., 2019) Lacking regulation requiring robust security measures and monitoring determinate clarifications for self-driving vehicle producers, law enforcement agencies should take into account postponing demands for the capacity to stop cars remotely. (Joh, 2019) Ethical intricacies arising from self-driving cars should be associated with the socio-technical systems in which such vehicles are entrenched. (Borenstein et al., 2019)

2. Conceptual Framework and Literature Review

   Individuals' attitudes concerning shared autonomous vehicles are progressing with the incessant development of breakthrough self-driving car technologies and variable travel behavior. (Menon et al., 2019) Autonomous vehicles will have important consequences for law enforcement and significant upsides for traffic safety. (Woods, 2019) Liability matters are instrumental in the series of ethical issues (Androniceanu, 2019; Haseeb et al., 2019; Hoffman and Friedman, 2018; Lazaroiu, 2017; Meila, 2018; Popescu Ljungholm, 2017; Popescu, 2018) associated with the shift stages between automated and manual piloting modes as accountability fluctuates from the vehicle to the car user and back. (Bellet et al., 2019) Connected and autonomous vehicle innovation provides social justice upsides (Douglas, 2018; Hayes and Jandric, 2017; Kral et al., 2018; Lazaroiu et al., 2017; Nica, 2018; Popescu et al., 2017; Stroe, 2018) to urban mobility. (Cohena and Hopkins, 2019)

3. Methodology and Empirical Analysis

   Building our argument by drawing on data collected from AAA, ANSYS, Atomik Research, Axios, CivicScience, eMarketer, FHWA, Ipsos, McKinsey, and Schoettle & Sivak (2014), we performed analyses and made estimates regarding automated vehicle technologies and their impact on future mobility (%), comfort levels with autonomous cars across all ages and markets (%), estimated public benefits of autonomous vehicles (by year, $ billion), and greatest concerns about riding in an autonomous car (%). Data collected from 4,400 respondents are tested against the research model by using structural equation modeling.

4. Results and Discussion

   Society advances towards self-driving cars designed to comply with traffic rules. (Woods, 2019) A relevant fairness and efficiency upside of autonomous vehicles is its mobility improvement for the risk-averse senior citizens, physically challenged, and other disregarded individuals. (Wang and Zhao, 2019) The communication systems between self-driving cars and infrastructure bring about remote attack access for evil-minded tech-savvies to take advantage of system weaknesses. (Sheehan et al., 2019) (Tables 1-10)

5. Conclusions and Implications

   As autonomous vehicles are network-enabled, the breakdowns and attacks on a self-driving car may also perturb the connected ones. (Cui et al., 2019) If dissimilar capacity cars are permitted to interact, a pivotal aspect of favorable reception on both safety and the entire efficiency fronts would be how self-driving vehicles come to terms with non-algorithmic and non-optimal individuals. (Hancock, 2019) The...