Reviews : KNAUTH, OSWALD W. The Policy of the United States towards Industrial Monopoly. Pp. 233. Price, $2.00. New York: Longmans, Green and Company, 1914

• Author: Eliot Jones
• DOI: 10.1177/000271621405300143
• Published date: 01 May 1914
• Date: 01 May 1914
• Subject Matter: Articles

332

Unlike

the

Kievan

state,

the

new

state

of

Moscow

was

agricultural

and

not

commercial.

This

gave

rise

to

new

problems,

the

greatest

being

the

status

of

the

agriculturist,

the

later

serf,

to

whose

conditions

Professor

Kluchev-

sky

has

given

special

attention.

Conspicuous

in

the

treatment

of

the

rise

of

Muskovy

is

the

remarkable

study

(vol.

II,

ch.

VI),

of

Ivan

IV,

popularly

known

in

history

as

Ivan

the

Terrible,

whose

extraordinary

excesses

and

cru-

elties

have

so

fascinated

posterity

that

the

real

character

of

the

brilliant

and

wharped

barbarian

is

little

known.

With

remarkable

insight

and

power,

in

vital

touch

with

the

world

from

London

to

Pekin,

he

not

only

pushed

the

Russian

territory

to

the

Caspian

and

created

organs

of

self-government,

both

local

and

central,

but

introduced

the

printing

press,

collected

a

large

and

valuable

library

and

with

a

keen

literary

bent

left

us

a

wonderful

revelation

of

himself

in

his

own

writings.

Among

the

topics

of

the

third

volume,

which

has

just

appeared

from

the

press,

is

the

period

of

troubles,

sometimes

called

the

Interregnum,

the

elec-

tion

and

success

of

Michael,

the

change

in

the

political

institutions

and

the

centralization

of

administration,

peasant

and

agrarian

conditions,

the

western

influence

and

the

great

schism

in

the

Russian

church

by

which

is

meant &dquo;the

separation

of

a

large

portion

of

the

Russian

orthodox

community

from

the

Orthodox

church.&dquo;

On

the

agrarian

conditions,

Professor

Kluchevsky

writes

with

especial

insight

and

conviction

(chs.

IX

and

X)

for

here

he

is

on

a

sub-

ject

on

which

he

successfully

advanced

and

maintained

a

theory

all

his

own

many

years

ago.

Russian

serfdom

he

claims

was

an

evolutionary

product

and

not

all

the

result

of

this

or

that

edict.

On

private

lands

a

gradual

decline

of

peasant

or

tenant

debtors

into

a

condition

of

servitude

took

place,

while

on

the

state

lands

the

Muscovite

system

of

collective

responsibility

on

taxes

worked

toward

the

same

end.

The

fidelity

or

rather

discrimination

of

the

translator

Mr.

Hogarth

in

rendering

the

original

into

English

has

been

severely

criticized.

By

way

of

partial

extenuation

it

should

be

said

that

the

task

of

finding

exact

equivalents

in

English

for

the

names

of

institutions

unique

to

Russia

is

extremely

diflicult.

Nevertheless

when

western

parallels

do

not

exist,

it

would

be

better

to

retain

the

Russian

and

explain

the

exact

meaning

in

a

note.

In

conclusion,

it

should

be

added

that

a

proper

appreciation

of

this

work

presupposes

a

fair

knowledge

of

Russian

history.

It

is

not

altogether

a

con-

nected

story,

but

rather

a

series

of

essays

or

special

studies

woven

into

a

history,

being

first

given

as

lectures

to

his

large

student

audiences

at

Moscow.

University

of

Pennsylvania.

WM.

E.

LINGELBACH.

KNAUTH,

OSWALD

W.

The

Policy

of

the

United

States

towards

Industrial

Mo-

nopoly.

Pp.

233.

Price,

$2.00.

New

York:

Longmans,

Green

and

Company,

1914.

This

monograph

is

an

attempt

to

interpret,

in

a

purely

objective

manner,

the

policy

of

the

federal

government

towards

industrial

monopoly.

This

policy

is

determined,

of

course,

by

three

agencies:

namely,

Congress,

the