Probable Cause and Reasonable Suspicion: Arrests, Seizures, Stops and Frisks

• Author: Deja Vishny
• Pages: 209-258

5-1

CHAPTER 5

Probable Cause

and Reasonable Suspicion:

Arrests, Seizures, Stops and Frisks

“ . . . no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause”

—The Fourth Amendment

I. PROBABLE CAUSE



   

Brinegar v. United

States

Id

A. Probable Cause to Arrest

1. Governing Principles

§5:01 Gates Standard: Fair Probability Determined By Totality of Circumstances

Draper v. United States



    

Beck v. Ohio

     

Davis v. Mississippi

-

Illinois v. Gates



     



Brinegar v. United StatesSaucier v. Katz

The Gates    

  

Henry v. U.S

Beck v. Ohio   

     

State v. Repenshek

Alabama v. White

§5:02 Older Rule: Aguilar/Spinelli



  Aguilar/Spinelli 

§5:03  

GatesSee Aguilar v. Texas

Spinelli v. United States

    

i.e

has held that GatesPeople v. Johnson

§5:03 Warrantless Arrests

     

United States v. Watson

Michigan v. Summer  



  

Devenpeck v. Alford



Goddard v. Kelly



Ybarra v. Illinois

probable cause in Maryland v. Pringle





  

Atwater v. City of Lago Vista



Virginia v. Moore



    

Whren v. United States

Arkansas v. SullivanWhren

State v. Sullivan

§5:04 Remedy for Unlawful Arrest

    

Whiteley v. Warden

See U.S. v. Crews  



  I.N.S. v. Lopez-Mendoza



     

 U.S. v. Alvarez-Machain 

    

Id    

 

See U.S. v. Matta-BallesterosUnited States v. Noreiga,



United States v. Lopez

Practice Point: Arrests across jurisdictional lines

    

   

See, e.g



     

5-3  §5:06

 Miller v. State tate v. Weidman



   See, e.g.,

Henderson v. State

See

2. Case Examples

§5:05 Probable Cause Found



-



• Drug Transactions:-

    

Commonwealth v. ThompsonState

v. CastroDarling v. StateCommonwealth v. Kennedy,

Revels v. State



• Operating While Intoxicated:



State v. Homan

  

   Id

State v. Lange



State v. Superior Court

• Drug Odors:



   State v. Secrist

United States v. HumphriesPeople v. Vigil

     

Commonwealth v. Cruz

• Unlawfu l Possession of Alcohol by Underage Drinker:  

    Zuniga v. State, 815



• Probable Cause by Association:   

  

United States v. Romero

 United States v. Patrick, 

   

   

United States v. Martinez-Molina

§5:06 Probable Cause Not Found

    



   



United States v. Collins

    United States v.

Robertson