Probable Cause and Reasonable Suspicion: Arrests, Seizures, Stops and Frisks

• Author: Deja Vishny
• Pages: 209-258

5-1

CHAPTER 5

Probable Cause

and Reasonable Suspicion:

Arrests, Seizures, Stops and Frisks

“ . . . no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause”

—The Fourth Amendment

I. PROBABLE CAUSE





Brinegar v. United

States

Id

A. Probable Cause to Arrest

1. Governing Principles

§5:01 Gates Standard: Fair Probability Determined By Totality of Circumstances

Draper v. United States





Beck v. Ohio



Davis v. Mississippi

-

Illinois v. Gates







Brinegar v. United StatesSaucier v. Katz

The Gates



Henry v. U.S

Beck v. Ohio



State v. Repenshek

Alabama v. White

§5:02 Older Rule: Aguilar/Spinelli



Aguilar/Spinelli

§5:03 

GatesSee Aguilar v. Texas

Spinelli v. United States



i.e

has held that GatesPeople v. Johnson

§5:03 Warrantless Arrests



United States v. Watson

Michigan v. Summer





Devenpeck v. Alford



Goddard v. Kelly



Ybarra v. Illinois

probable cause in Maryland v. Pringle







Atwater v. City of Lago Vista



Virginia v. Moore





Whren v. United States

Arkansas v. SullivanWhren

State v. Sullivan

§5:04 Remedy for Unlawful Arrest



Whiteley v. Warden

See U.S. v. Crews



I.N.S. v. Lopez-Mendoza





U.S. v. Alvarez-Machain



Id



See U.S. v. Matta-BallesterosUnited States v. Noreiga,



United States v. Lopez

Practice Point: Arrests across jurisdictional lines





See, e.g





5-3 §5:06

Miller v. Statetate v. Weidman



See, e.g.,

Henderson v. State

See

2. Case Examples

§5:05 Probable Cause Found



-



• Drug Transactions:-



Commonwealth v. ThompsonState

v. CastroDarling v. StateCommonwealth v. Kennedy,

Revels v. State



• Operating While Intoxicated:



State v. Homan



Id

State v. Lange



State v. Superior Court

• Drug Odors:



State v. Secrist

United States v. HumphriesPeople v. Vigil



Commonwealth v. Cruz

• Unlawful Possession of Alcohol by Underage Drinker:

Zuniga v. State, 815



• Probable Cause by Association:



United States v. Romero

United States v. Patrick, 





United States v. Martinez-Molina

§5:06 Probable Cause Not Found





 



United States v. Collins

 United States v.

Robertson