Minnesota

• Pages: 1323-1382

Chapter 26

for the

STATE OF MINNESOTA

Updated and Revised by

William L. Greene, Esq.

David A. Applebaum, Esq.

Leonard, Street and Deinard, PA

Minneapolis, Minnesota

Mark A. Jacobson, Esq.

Lindquist & Vennum PLLP

Minneapolis, Minnesota

The Section of Antitrust Law thanks Krista M. Olsen, Assistant Attorney General

and Manager of the Health/Antitrust Division, Minnesota Attorney General’s Office,

and Karla M. Vehrs, Esq. of Lindquist & Vennum PLLP for their review of this

chapter.

The Section thanks David R. Crosby, Esq., Tamera A. Durst, Esq., John D. French,

Esq., William L. Greene, Esq., Dennis L. Hall, Esq., Jeffrey L. Keyes, Esq., Ann

Beimdiek Kinsella, Esq., Daniel L. Liberko, Esq., Sharon L. Reich, Esq., Steven L.

Severson, Esq., and David Sullivan, Esq. for their work on this chapter in prior

editions.

Minnesota 26-iii

CONTENTS

1. Introduction ....................................................................................................1

1.a. Overview...........................................................................................1

1.b. Source of Law–Statutes and Other....................................................1

1.c. History...............................................................................................2

1.d. Relation to Federal Law....................................................................2

1.e. Remedies...........................................................................................3

1.f. Enforcement......................................................................................4

2. The Per Se Rule and the Rule of Reason ........................................................4

3. Horizontal Agreements Other Than Group Boycotts .....................................5

3.a. Price Fixing .......................................................................................5

3.b. Market Allocation .............................................................................7

3.c. Customer Allocation .........................................................................7

3.d. Bid Rigging.......................................................................................7

3.e. Covenants Not to Compete ...............................................................8

4. Group Boycotts...............................................................................................9

4.a. Concerted Refusals to Deal ...............................................................9

4.b. Expulsion or Exclusion from Membership in Trade

Associations or Other Groups .........................................................10

5. Resale Price Maintenance.............................................................................10

5.a. Generally.........................................................................................10

5.b. Monsanto Rule................................................................................11

5.c. Impact of Leegin .............................................................................11

6. Nonprice Vertical Restraints–Intrabrand......................................................12

7. Nonprice Vertical Restraints–Interbrand......................................................12

8. Tying Arrangements..................................................................................... 13

9. Dual Distribution ..........................................................................................14

10. Intracorporate Conspiracy.............................................................................14

11. Monopolization.............................................................................................14

11.a. Monopolization...............................................................................14

11.b. Attempts to Monopolize..................................................................15

11.e. Conspiracy to Monopolize ..............................................................15

12. Mergers.........................................................................................................16

13. Discrimination & Other Single Firm Pricing Regulation .............................17

13.a. Price Discrimination .......................................................................17

13.a.1. Territorial or Locality Discrimination ........................17

13.a.2. Buyer Liability............................................................18

13.a.3. Meeting Competition Defense....................................19

13.a.4. Functional Classifications...........................................19

13.a.5. Preemption..................................................................19

13.a.6. Other Defenses and Exemptions.................................19

13.a.7. Brokerage....................................................................20

13.a.8. Secret Payments or Allowances..................................20

13.a.9. Promotional Allowances and Services .......................20

13.a.10. Sales Below Cost and Loss Leaders ...........................20