Cognitive Artificial Intelligence and Remote Sensing Algorithms, Virtual Immersive and Spatial Computing Technologies, and 3D Image Modeling and Digital Twin Simulation Tools in the Industrial Metaverse.

• Author: Stevens, Ann

1. Introduction

   Digital twin simulation and deep generative tools, 3D object detection and tracking algorithms, and cloud-enabled digital twin and mobile edge computing networks further cyber-physical system-based smart manufacturing in the industrial metaverse. The purpose of my systematic review is to examine the recently published literature on the industrial metaverse and integrate the insights it configures on cognitive artificial intelligence and remote sensing algorithms, virtual immersive and spatial computing technologies, and 3D image modeling and digital twin simulation tools. By analyzing the most recent (2022-2023) and significant (Web of Science, Scopus, and ProQuest) sources, my paper has attempted to prove that virtual sensor modeling and simulation systems (Zvarikova et al., 2023), realistic 3D digital twins, and industrial data semantics assist immersive hyper-connected virtual spaces. The actuality and novelty of this study are articulated by addressing deep reinforcement learning and simulated augmented reality technologies, digital twin data modeling and visualization (Kliestik et al, 2022), and 6G-enabled edge artificial intelligence, that is an emerging topic involving much interest. My research problem is whether intelligent simulation environments necessitate cognitive and behavioral algorithms, 3D capture and virtual twin technologies, and operational modeling and intelligent data processing tools.

   In this review, prior findings have been cumulated indicating that empathetic computing and network virtualization systems, distributed decision and control algorithms (Machova et al, 2022), and interoperable virtual and deep learning-based generative networks (Grupac and Lazaroiu, 2022) optimize immersive and interoperable spaces. The identified gaps advance cyber-physical production and cloud-edge computing systems, digital twin-based virtual sensors, and image processing computational and spatio-temporal fusion algorithms. My main objective is to indicate that natural language processing and collaborative data analysis tools (Valaskova et al., 2022), Internet of digital twins, and cloud-based cognitive and tactile sensing technologies articulate interconnected digital realms.

2. Theoretical Overview of the Main Concepts

   Digital twin-enabled edge networks, extended reality technology-based equipment maintenance, and machine learning-based decision support systems shape immersive industrial services in extended reality environments. Immersive virtual reality experiences can be achieved by use of operational modeling and image recognition tools, synthetic biometric data, and biosensing and actuation systems. The manuscript is organized as following: theoretical overview (section 2), methodology (section 3), geospatial artificial intelligence and virtual immersive technologies, image processing computational and spatio-temporal fusion algorithms, and digital twin simulation and deep generative tools in the industrial metaverse (section 4), 3D image processing and deep learning artificial intelligence algorithms, geospatial mapping and cognitive enhancement technologies, and virtual sensor modeling and simulation systems in the industrial metaverse (section 5), remote sensing and immersive 3D technologies, empathetic computing and network virtualization systems, and synthetic data and location tracking tools in the industrial metaverse (section 6), discussion (section 7), synopsis of the main research outcomes (section 8), conclusions (section 9), limitations, implications, and further directions of research (section 10).

3. Methodology

   Throughout January 2023, I performed a quantitative literature review of the Web of Science, Scopus, and ProQuest databases, with search terms including "the industrial metaverse" + "cognitive artificial intelligence and remote sensing algorithms," "virtual immersive and spatial computing technologies," and "3D image modeling and digital twin simulation tools." As I inspected research published between 2022 and 2023, only 140 articles satisfied the eligibility criteria. By eliminating controversial findings, outcomes unsubstantiated by replication, too imprecise material, or having similar titles, I decided upon 25, generally empirical, sources (Tables 1 and 2). Data visualization tools: Dimensions (bibliometric mapping) and VOSviewer (layout algorithms). Reporting quality assessment tool: PRISMA. Methodological quality assessment tools include: AXIS, Dedoose, ROBIS, and SRDR (Figures 1-6).

   Table 2 General synopsis of evidence as regards focus topics and descriptive outcomes (research findings).

   Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines were used that ensure the literature review is comprehensive, transparent, and replicable. The flow diagram, produced by employing a Shiny app, presents the stream of evidence-based collected and processed data through the various steps of a systematic review, designing the amount of identified, included, and removed records, and the justifications for exclusions.

   To ensure compliance with PRISMA guidelines, a citation software was used, and at each stage the inclusion or exclusion of articles was tracked by use of custom spreadsheet. Justification for the removal of ineligible articles was specified during the full-text screening and final selection.

4. Geospatial Artificial Intelligence and Virtual Immersive Technologies, Image Processing Computational and Spatio-Temporal Fusion Algorithms, and Digital Twin Simulation and Deep Generative Tools in the Industrial Metaverse

   Immersive virtual reality training environments and the industrial metaverse (Cao et al., 2023; Goodman et al., 2022; Polas et al., 2022) integrate cyber-physical production and cloud-edge computing systems, digital twin-based virtual sensors, and image processing computational and spatio-temporal fusion algorithms. Natural language processing and collaborative data analysis tools, Internet of digital twins, and cloud-based cognitive and tactile sensing technologies articulate interconnected digital realms.

   Geospatial artificial intelligence and virtual immersive technologies, big spatio-temporal data and immersive visual analytics, and objection recognition and image detection algorithms (Cho et al., 2023; Ritterbusch and Teichmann, 2023; Wang et al., 2022) are pivotal in the decentralized metaverse. Extended reality...