Chapter 5 - CHAPTER 5 Exclusion of Evidence on Constitutional Grounds

• Jurisdiction: United States

Chapter 5 Exclusion of Evidence on Constitutional Grounds

A. Fourth Amendment—Search & Seizure

§1 Overview

§2 Elements for exclusion

§2.1 Action must amount to search or seizure

§2.2 Search or seizure must be unreasonable

§3 Exceptions to warrant requirement

§3.1 Exceptions requiring probable cause

§3.2 Exceptions requiring reasonable suspicion

§3.3 Exceptions requiring no suspicion

§4 Evidence subject to exclusion under Fourth Amendment

§4.1 Generally

§4.2 Exceptions to exclusionary rule

§5 Procedure for excluding evidence

§5.1 Motion to suppress

§5.2 Burden of proof

§6 Appellate review

§6.1 Factual findings

§6.2 Conclusions of law

§6.3 Effect of error

B. Fifth Amendment—Voluntariness of Statements

§1 Overview

§2 Elements for exclusion

§2.1 Government action

§2.2 Action was coercive

§2.3 Action was proximate or motivating cause of statement

§3 Evidence subject to exclusion for involuntariness

§3.1 Exclusion of statement

§3.2 Exclusion of evidence derived from statement

§3.3 Vicarious assertion of involuntariness

§4 Procedure for excluding evidence

§4.1 Procedural mechanisms

§4.2 Burden of proof

§5 Appellate review

§5.1 Factual findings

§5.2 Conclusions of law

§5.3 Effect of error

C. Fifth Amendment—Miranda

§1 Overview

§2 Elements for exclusion

§2.1 Miranda applied

§2.2 Law enforcement did not comply with Miranda

§3 Exceptions to Miranda

§3.1 Public-safety exception

§3.2 Officer-safety exception

§3.3 Rescue-doctrine exception

§3.4 Negotiations-in-emergencies exception

§4 Evidence subject to exclusion under Miranda

§4.1 Exclusion of statement

§4.2 Exclusion of evidence derived from statement

§4.3 Exclusion of evidence of defendant's silence

§4.4 Vicarious assertion of violation

§5 Procedure for excluding evidence

§5.1 Procedural mechanisms

§5.2 Burden of proof

§6 Appellate review

§6.1 Factual findings

§6.2 Conclusions of law

§6.3 Effect of error

D. Sixth Amendment—Right to Counsel

§1 Overview

§2 Elements for exclusion

§2.1 Defendant's right to counsel has attached

§2.2 Government agent has deliberately elicited statement from defendant

§2.3 Defendant has not waived right to counsel

§3 Evidence subject to exclusion under right to counsel

§3.1 Exclusion of statement

§3.2 Exclusion of evidence derived from statement

§4 Procedure for excluding evidence

§4.1 Procedural mechanisms

§4.2 Burden of proof

§5 Appellate review

§5.1 Standard of review

§5.2 Effect of error

E. Sixth Amendment—Right of Confrontation

§1 Overview

§2 Components of right of confrontation

§2.1...