The tyrant who came in from the cold: Gadhafi gave up his WMDs not because we scared him, but because we talked to him.

• Author: Suskind, Ron
• Position: Weapons of mass destruction

In the middle of October 2001, Ben Bonk, a CIA lifer, quietly entered a baronial home on Regent's Park in London for a meeting he hoped would be the start of something. The house belonged to Prince Bandar bin Sultan, a nephew of Saudi Arabia's de facto ruler, Crown Prince Abdullah, and, for 18 years, the kingdom's ambassador to the United States. At 52, Bandar, a close confidant of both Bushes, is a person of profound complexities, a cheery, educated man of enormous appetites. An omniscient observer could have spotted him recently walking the sidelines of an NFL game or dining and smoking cigars in the West Wing. (A sharp eye might spot a driver stopping by Riggs Bank in Washington on a certain day each month to pick up a suitcase with $50,000 in cash that Bandar doles out to friends, relatives, and Saudi operatives in the United States.)

Bandar is also a man who gets things done, and he builds relationships that rest on his consistent effectiveness. This day, he was brokering an important sit-down at his house. He welcomed Bonk and ushered him into a stately parlor. Waiting there was an elegant, hand-tailored, smiling embodiment of the "dark side."

"Exciting, about those Spartans," said Musa Kousa.

Bonk laughed. "Yeah, we waited a long time. Since Magic."

Both men had been at Michigan State. Bonk had graduated in 1976, the year before Magic Johnson arrived. Kousa, a rabid basketball fan, had worked toward a master's degree in sociology until 1973. Kousa's thesis, handed in a few years later, was a keeper, the kind that professors make a copy of and store in a drawer. It wasn't so much the trenchant analysis, though there was some of that in 209 pages with footnotes. It was the research. Kousa, born in Tripoli, Libya, to a prominent family, had been able to interview his subject: Moammar Gadhafi.

Time past, time present. For both men, it was a very long way from East Lansing, Spartan Stadium, and MSU's green and white.

Bonk had spent nearly two decades traveling the world for the CIA, especially the Arab world. He had married briefly, divorced--like so many agents--and moved up quickly through the agency's ranks. By 2000, he was deputy director of the CIA's Counter-Terrorist Center--a soft-spoken, steady counterpoint to the flamboyant director of the center, Corer Black. Ever reliable and precise, it was Bonk who, along with Deputy Director John McLaughlin, camped at Bush's ranch in September 2000--two months before the election--to carefully tell the Republican nominee state secrets. (It is standard for presidential nominees to be briefed prior to the election.) Bonk grimly informed Bush that during the coming four years, Americans would certainly die in terrorist acts planned or simply inspired by Osama bin Laden.

Kousa had gone from Lansing to Libya to work for Gadhafi. By 1980, he was head of the Libyan Mission in England--essentially Libya's ambassador to the United Kingdom. In an extraordinary interview with The Times of London, Kousa had told a reporter that Libya supported the IRA and that two Libyan opponents of Gadhafi living in London would be killed. He was summarily expelled from the country. Soon thereafter, the two Libyans were found dead in London. Other Libyan dissidents were killed across Europe in the coming year.

In the 1980s, Gadhafi was looking to be a player on the world stage, and terror was his means. By the mid-'80s, Ronald Reagan was calling Gadhafi the most dangerous man in the world. The United States bombed Libya in 1986--an attack that killed Gadhafi's daughter and injured two of his sons--in retaliation for his having bombed a nightclub in Germany. Onerous unilateral sanctions were placed on the country.

Then, in December 1988, the United States suffered one of the worst acts of terrorism it would experience prior to 9/11: the explosion of a Pan Am jet over Lockerbie, Scotland. The attack killed 270 people, mostly Americans--including 35 students from Syracuse University. Among the planners of the attack had been one of Bonk's fellow Spartans: Musa Kousa.

That, at least, was the consensus of every significant intelligence agency in the West. The Lockerbie flight had taken place in an era when Kousa was deputy head of Libyan intelligence. And Kousa was soon implicated by the French and British intelligence in yet another disaster: the blowing up of a French airliner, UTA 772, over Niger in 1989. The death toll was 170.

By the end of the 1980s, Gadhafi had destroyed Libya's relations with much of the world, and the isolation had seemed to be irreversible. But things changed by the end of the following decade. In 1998, George Tenet, just a year into his directorship of the CIA, and John McLaughlin, his deputy director for intelligence, had flown to Jiddah to meet with Bandar. In the ambassador's sprawling home, which...