Chapter IV. Treaties concerning international law concluded under the auspices of the United Nations and related intergovernmental organizations

TREATiEs CONCERNiNg iNTERNATiONAL LAW CONCLUDED

UNDER ThE AUsPiCEs OF ThE UNiTED NATiONs AND

RELATED iNTERgOvERNmENTAL ORgANizATiONs

1. Treaties concerning international law concluded under the auspices of the United Nations

   1 . International .Convention .for .the .Suppression .of .Acts .of . .Nuclear .Terrorism .New .York, .1 .April .2005*

   The .States .Parties .to .this .Convention,

   Having in mind .the .purposes .and .principles .of .the .Charter .of .the .United .Nations . concerning .the .maintenance .of .international .peace .and .security .and .the .promotion .of . good-neighbourliness .and .friendly .relations .and .cooperation .among .States,

   Recalling .the .Declaration .on .the .Occasion .of .the .Fiftieth .Anniversary .of .the .United . Nations .of .24 .October .1995,

   Recognizing .the .right .of .all .States .to .develop .and .apply .nuclear .energy .for .peaceful . purposes .and .their .legitimate .interests .in .the .potential .benefits .to .be .derived .from .the . peaceful .application .of .nuclear .energy,

   Bearing .in mind .the .Convention .on .the .Physical .Protection .of .Nuclear .Material .of . 1980,

   Deeply .concerned .about .the .worldwide .escalation .of .acts .of .terrorism .in .all .its .forms . and .manifestations,

   Recalling .the .Declaration .on .Measures .to .Eliminate .International .Terrorism .annexed . to .General .Assembly .resolution .49/60 .of .9 .December .1994, .in .which, .inter alia, .the .States . Members .of .the .United .Nations .solemnly .reaffirm .their .unequivocal .condemnation .of . all .acts, .methods .and .practices .of .terrorism .as .criminal .and .unjustifiable, .wherever .and . by .whomever .committed, .including .those .which .jeopardize .the .friendly .relations .among . States .and .peoples .and .threaten .the .territorial .integrity .and .security .of .States,

   Noting .that .the .Declaration .also .encouraged .States .to .review .urgently .the .scope .of . the .existing .international .legal .provisions .on .the .prevention, .repression .and .elimination . of .terrorism .in .all .its .forms .and .manifestations, .with .the .aim .of .ensuring .that .there .is .a . comprehensive .legal .framework .covering .all .aspects .of .the .matter,

   * . Adopted .during .the .91st .plenary .meeting .of .the .General .Assembly .by .resolution .59/290 .of .13 . April .2005

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   06 . UNITED .NATIONS .JURIDICAL .YEARBOOK .2005

   Recalling .General .Assembly .resolution .51/210 .of .17 .December .1996 .and .the .Declaration .to .Supplement .the .1994 .Declaration .on .Measures .to .Eliminate .International .Terrorism .annexed .thereto,

   Recalling .also .that, .pursuant .to .General .Assembly .resolution .51/210, .an .ad .hoc .committee .was .established .to .elaborate, .inter alia, .an .international .convention .for .the .suppression .of .acts .of .nuclear .terrorism .to .supplement .related .existing .international .instruments,

   Noting .that .acts .of .nuclear .terrorism .may .result .in .the .gravest .consequences .and .may . pose .a .threat .to .international .peace .and .security,

   Noting .also .that .existing .multilateral .legal .provisions .do .not .adequately .address .those . attacks,

   Being convinced .of .the .urgent .need .to .enhance .international .cooperation .between . States .in .devising .and .adopting .effective .and .practical .measures .for .the .prevention .of .such . acts .of .terrorism .and .for .the .prosecution .and .punishment .of .their .perpetrators,

   Noting .that .the .activities .of .military .forces .of .States .are .governed .by .rules .of .international .law .outside .of .the .framework .of .this .Convention .and .that .the .exclusion .of .certain . actions .from .the .coverage .of .this .Convention .does .not .condone .or .make .lawful .otherwise . unlawful .acts, .or .preclude .prosecution .under .other .laws,

   Have agreed .as .follows:

   Article 1

   For .the .purposes .of .this .Convention:

   1 . “Radioactive .material” .means .nuclear .material .and .other .radioactive .substances . which .contain .nuclides .which .undergo .spontaneous .disintegration .(a .process .accompanied . by .emission .of .one .or .more .types .of .ionizing .radiation, .such .as .alpha-, .beta-, .neutron .particles .and .gamma .rays) .and .which .may, .owing .to .their .radiological .or .fissile .properties, .cause . death, .serious .bodily .injury .or .substantial .damage .to .property .or .to .the .environment

   2 . “Nuclear . material” . means . plutonium, . except . that . with . isotopic . concentration . exceeding .80 .per .cent .in .plutonium-238; .uranium-233; .uranium .enriched .in .the .isotope .235 . or .233; .uranium .containing .the .mixture .of .isotopes .as .occurring .in .nature .other .than .in .the . form .of .ore .or .ore .residue; .or .any .material .containing .one .or .more .of .the .foregoing;

   Whereby .“uranium .enriched .in .the .isotope .235 .or .233” .means .uranium .containing . the .isotope .235 .or .233 .or .both .in .an .amount .such .that .the .abundance .ratio .of .the .sum .of . these .isotopes .to .the .isotope .238 .is .greater .than .the .ratio .of .the .isotope .235 .to .the .isotope . 238 .occurring .in .nature

   3 . “Nuclear .facility” .means:

   (a) . Any .nuclear .reactor, .including .reactors .installed .on .vessels, .vehicles, .aircraft .or . space .objects .for .use .as .an .energy .source .in .order .to .propel .such .vessels, .vehicles, .aircraft . or .space .objects .or .for .any .other .purpose;

   (b) . Any .plant .or .conveyance .being .used .for .the .production, .storage, .processing .or . transport .of .radioactive .material

   4 . “Device” .means:

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   (a) . Any .nuclear .explosive .device; .or

   (b) . Any . radioactive . material . dispersal . or . radiation-emitting . device . which . may, . owing .to .its .radiological .properties, .cause .death, .serious .bodily .injury .or .substantial .damage .to .property .or .to .the .environment

   5 . “State .or .government .facility” .includes .any .permanent .or .temporary .facility .or . conveyance .that .is .used .or .occupied .by .representatives .of .a .State, .members .of .a .Government, .the .legislature .or .the .judiciary .or .by .officials .or .employees .of .a .State .or .any .other . public .authority .or .entity .or .by .employees .or .officials .of .an .intergovernmental .organization . in .connection .with .their .official .duties

   6 . “Military .forces .of .a .State” .means .the .armed .forces .of .a .State .which .are .organized, . trained .and .equipped .under .its .internal .law .for .the .primary .purpose .of .national .defence .or . security .and .persons .acting .in .support .of .those .armed .forces .who .are .under .their .formal . command, .control .and .responsibility

   Article 2

   1 . Any .person .commits .an .offence .within .the .meaning .of .this .Convention .if .that . person .unlawfully .and .intentionally:

   (a) . Possesses .radioactive .material .or .makes .or .possesses .a .device:

   . (i) . With .the .intent .to .cause .death .or .serious .bodily .injury; .or

   . (ii) . With .the .intent .to .cause .substantial .damage .to .property .or .to .the .environment;

   (b) . Uses .in .any .way .radioactive .material .or .a .device, .or .uses .or .damages .a .nuclear . facility .in .a .manner .which .releases .or .risks .the .release .of .radioactive .material:

   . (i) . With .the .intent .to .cause .death .or .serious .bodily .injury; .or

   . (ii) . With .the .intent .to .cause .substantial .damage .to .property .or .to .the .environment; . or

   . (iii) . With .the .intent .to .compel .a .natural .or .legal .person, .an .international .organization . or .a .State .to .do .or .refrain .from .doing .an .act

   2 . Any .person .also .commits .an .offence .if .that .person:

   (a) . Threatens, .under .circumstances .which .indicate .the .credibility .of .the .threat, .to . commit .an .offence .as .set .forth .in .paragraph .1 .(b) .of .the .present .article; .or

   (b) . Demands .unlawfully .and .intentionally .radioactive .material, .a .device .or .a .nuclear . facility .by .threat, .under .circumstances .which .indicate .the .credibility .of .the .threat, .or .by . use .of .force

   3 . Any .person .also .commits .an .offence .if .that .person .attempts .to .commit .an .offence . as .set .forth .in .paragraph .1 .of .the .present .article

   4 . Any .person .also .commits .an .offence .if .that .person:

   (a) . Participates .as .an .accomplice .in .an .offence .as .set .forth .in .paragraph .1, .2 .or .3 .of . the .present .article; .or

   (b) . Organizes .or .directs .others .to .commit .an .offence .as .set .forth .in .paragraph .1, .2 . or .3 .of .the .present .article; .or

   08 . UNITED .NATIONS .JURIDICAL .YEARBOOK .2005

   (c) . In .any .other .way .contributes .to .the .commission .of .one .or .more .offences .as .set . forth .in .paragraph .1, .2 .or .3 .of .the .present .article .by .a .group .of .persons .acting .with .a .common .purpose; .such .contribution .shall .be .intentional .and .either .be .made .with .the .aim .of . furthering .the .general .criminal .activity .or .purpose .of .the .group .or .be .made .in .the .knowledge .of .the .intention .of .the .group .to .commit .the .offence .or .offences .concerned

   Article 3

   This .Convention .shall .not .apply .where .the .offence .is .committed .within .a .single .State, . the .alleged .offender .and .the .victims .are .nationals .of .that .State, .the .alleged .offender .is .found . in .the .territory .of .that .State .and .no .other .State .has .a .basis .under .article .9, .paragraph .1 .or .2, . to .exercise .jurisdiction, .except .that .the .provisions .of .articles .7, .12, .14, .15, .16 .and .17 .shall, . as .appropriate, .apply .in .those .cases

   Article 4

   1 . Nothing .in .this .Convention .shall .affect .other .rights, .obligations .and .responsibilities .of .States .and .individuals .under .international .law, .in .particular .the .purposes .and . principles .of .the .Charter .of .the .United .Nations .and...