To Simulate or NOMINATE?

• Date: 01 November 2009
• Author: JOSHUA D. CLINTON,SIMON JACKMAN
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.3162/036298009789869691
• Published date: 01 November 2009



 





Vanderbilt University



Stanford University

To Simulate or NOMINATE?

     

 



      







  





  



     

  

Legislative Studies Quarterly



 



    















  

 





 



      



     



   







 j∈ m i ∈ n

 ζj ψj

 dd 

yij   i  j-  yij 



     

Ui j j i ij

( )

ζ ζ ξ η

= - - +

2



U v

i j j i ij

( ) ,

ψ ψ ξ

= - - +

2

ξi ∈



d

iηij vij   

yijUiζjUiψj

yij    

 ηij   vij    

Eηij  Evij ηij  vij 

σ

j

2,       

      

πij  yi j     βjξi  αj βj   ζj  ψjσj,

αjζjζjψjψjσj

   

ξi 



τjαjβj

ζ ψ

j j

 

-

ζjψjζjψj













p(Y|Β,

α

,Ξ)=

π

ij

y

ij

j=1

m

∏

(1−

π

ij )1−y

ij

i=1

n

∏

md

βjα α1, . . .,αm′ 