Tierra seca: el desarrollo de Mexico depende del agua y del dinero foraneo.
Author | Tegel, Simeon |
Position | Infraestructura |
México se seca poco a poco, y el secretario de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales, Víctor Lichtinger, lo sabe. El ministro se ha presentado incluso en el programa del comediante Adal Ramones para comunicar un mensaje: "Cierre la llave mientras se lava los dientes o se afeita".
Aunque ningún ambientalista criticaría esa postura, hace falta más. Unos 12 millones de los 100 millones de mexicanos no tienen agua corriente. Otros 26 millones no tienen alcantarillado.
En el árido norte, donde el desarrollo industrial y de la población ha sido más vigoroso, unas 30 ciudades y pueblos sólo tienen agua unas pocas horas al día. Muchas plantas de tratamiento, construidas en los años 50 y 60, se acercan al final de su vida útil. Otro problema es la contaminación. Casi el 75% de las reservas naturales de agua están contaminadas, dice la Comisión Nacional del Agua de México (CONAGUA).
Las soluciones no son baratas. CONAGUA calcula que la infraestructura del sector necesita por lo menos una inversión de US$3,000 millones al año durante la próxima década. No es extraño que Lichtinger haya abierto el sector a la inversión privada.
En agosto, el gobierno anunció la creación de Promagua, un programa de subsidios federales para captar inversiones privadas para proyectos hidráulicos en 178 ciudades de más de 50,000 habitantes. Mediante el programa, las autoridades locales pueden solicitar subsidios hasta del 65% del costo de una obra específica. Se espera que el resto lo pongan los inversionistas.
Cada municipalidad negociará su acuerdo y determinará su fórmula para la medición del consumo de agua, la facturación, el tratamiento, las cañerías y la búsqueda de fuentes. El gobierno federal espera que el programa atraiga US$1,000 millones en fondos privados cada año de los próximos cinco.
Aunque el gobierno local sigue participando, Promagua representa en gran medida la privatización del sector hidráulico de México. "No debemos desaprobar la búsqueda de nuevos elementos en la gestión...
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