The Human Right to Education: Definition, Research and Annotated Bibliography

• Citation: Vol. 34 No. 3
• Publication year: 2020

The Human Right to Education: Definition, Research and Annotated Bibliography

Jootaek Lee

THE HUMAN RIGHT TO EDUCATION: DEFINITION, RESEARCH AND ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY

Jootaek Lee^*

The role and function of education cannot be emphasized enough. Education enhances and develops human abilities, consciousness, identity, integrity, potential, and even power. However, no literature or other instrument comprehensively and consistently defines education. This inconsistent approach to the human right to education is more harmful than beneficial. Considering a wide variety of international instruments and literature, this Article will seek to provide a comprehensive and consistent definition of the human right to education. This Article will also provide an annotated bibliography of various sources which can facilitate the research of scholars and practitioners in this field. A list of primary source instruments, including domestic laws of selective countries, is also introduced.

[Page 758]

Introduction.............................................................................................761

I. DEFINITIONS OF EDUCATION IN THE CONTEXT OF THE HUMAN RIGHT TO EDUCATION.......................................................................763

A. Basic Definitions of Education ................................................. 763
B. Human Rights Education .......................................................... 767
C. Social Right to Receive Education............................................ 770
D. Criticism and Threats to the Human Right to Education ......... 771
E. Universal Definition ................................................................. 774

II. INTERNATIONAL PRINCIPLES RELATING TO THE HUMAN RIGHT TO EDUCATION ....................................................................................... 774

A. Traditional International and Regional Human Rights Principles that Apply to the Human Right to Education .......... 775

1. U.N. Charter (1945) ....................................................... 775
2. American Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Man (1948)...............................................................................775
3. Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948)............. 776
4. European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (European Convention on Human Rights) (1950) ............................ 776
5. 1951 Refugee Convention ...............................................776
6. Declaration of the Rights of the Child (1959) ................ 776
7. UNESCO's Convention Against Discrimination in Education (1960) ............................................................ 777
8. U.N. Declaration on the Promotion Among Youth of the Ideas of Peace, Mutual Respect and Understanding Between Peoples (1965) ................................................. 777
9. International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (1966).......................... 778
10. ILO/UNESCO Teacher Status Recommendation of 1966 ................................................................................ 778
11. International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (1966).............................................................................. 779
12. International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (1966) .................................................... 779
13. American Convention on Human Rights (1969) ............. 780
14. UNESCO Education Recommendation of 1974 .............. 781
15. Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (1979) .......................... 782
16. Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention (ILO Convention 169) (1989) .................................................. 782

[Page 759]

17. Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989) ................ 783
18. International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families (1990).............................................................................. 783

B. The Contemporary Development of International Principles that Applies to the Human Right to Education ......................... 784

1. World Declaration on Education for All (1990) ................. 784
2. Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action (1990)....... 785
3. Plan of Action for the U.N. Decade for Human Rights Education, 1995-2004 (1996) ............................................ 785
4. U.N. Human Rights Resolution 1998/33 (1998) ................. 785
5. Implementation of the ICESCR: General Comment No. 13: The Right to Education (General Comment 13) (1999)...... 786
6. U.N. Human Rights Resolution 2005/21 (2005) ................. 787
7. World Programme for Human Rights Education (2005-Present) ............................................................................... 788
8. Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) (2007) ................................................................... 788
9. U.N. Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (2007) .................................................................... 788
10. HRC Resolution 8/4: The Right to Education (2008) ......... 789
11. Transforming Our World: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (2015) ........................................................... 789
12. UNESCO Recommendation on Adult Learning and Education (2015).............................................................. 790

III. ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY ............................................................. 790

A. Journal Articles ........................................................................ 790

1. Kate Halvorsen's Notes on the Realization of the Human Right to Education .............................................................. 790
2. Caetano Pimentel's The Human Right to Education: Freedom & Empowerment ................................................. 791
3. Craig Lauchner's The Human Right to Education: Mercosur Commitment and Economic Inequality .............. 791
4. Martha F. Davis's Immigration Enforcement and Children's Human Right to Education ............................... 792
5. Kurt Willems & Jonas Vernimmen's The Fundamental Human Right to Education for Refugees: Some Legal Remarks .............................................................................. 793

[Page 760]

6. Jai Singh's Expanding Horizons of Human Right to Education: Perspective on Indian and International Vision ................................................................................. 794
7. Douglas Hodgson's The International Human Right to Education and Education Concerning Human Rights ........ 795
8. Jost Delbruck's The Right to Education as an International Human Right ...................................................................... 796
9. John-Stewart Gordon's Is Inclusive Education a Human Right? ................................................................................. 797
10. Munafrizal Manan's The Implementation of the Right to Education in Indonesia ....................................................... 797
11. Klaus D. Beiter's Is the Age of Human Rights Really Over?: The Right to Education in Africa ............................ 799
12. Ni Zhen's Rethinking Inclusion: Is There a Right to Inclusive Education ............................................................ 801
13. Ichsan Yasin Limpo's A Human Rights Perspective in the Development of National Education System...................... 803
14. Brice Dickson's The Right to Education for Humanity...... 804

B. Treatises ................................................................................... 806

1. The Protection of the Right to Education by International Law Including a Systematic Analysis of Article 13 of the International Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights by Klaus Dieter Beiter............................................. 806
2. The Human Right to Education by Douglas Hodgson ........ 806
3. Article 28: The Right to Education by Mieke Verheyde .... 807
4. The Education Deficit: Failures to Protect and Fulfill the Right to Education in Global Development Agendas by Elin Martinez of the Human Rights Watch ........................ 808
5. The Universal Right to Education: Justification, Definition, and Guidelines by Joel Spring ............................................ 808
6. Human Rights in the Field of Comparative Education ...... 809
7. Local Languages as a Human Right in Education: Comparative Cases from Africa by Zehlia Babaci-Wilhite 810
8. Safe Spaces: Human Rights Education in Diverse Contexts .............................................................................. 810
9. Human Rights and Education............................................. 811
10. Ethics of Human Rights by A. Reis Monteiro .................... 812
11. Human Rights Education for the Twenty-First Century..... 812
12. Human Rights Education: Theory, Research, Praxis......... 814
13. Globalization, International Law, and Human Rights ....... 814

[Page 761]

IV. Selective National Law Implementing the Human Right to Education ....................................................................................... 815

A. Brazil ........................................................................................ 815
B. China ........................................................................................ 816
C. Germany ................................................................................... 817
D. India .......................................................................................... 818
E. Japan ........................................................................................ 819
F. South Korea .............................................................................. 820

Conclusion...