The growing cost of care.

• Author: DePaulis, Ashley

Caring for a relative with Alzheimer's disease takes a deep emotional and financial toll on families. It is an unrelenting, progressive condition that destroys brain cells, and currently no cure exists.

Today, about 5.3 million Americans have Alzheimer's. Without a cure, that number will triple to 16 million by 2050.

State and federal governments in 2010 spent $172 billion to care for people with Alzheimer's and other dementias, with about 71 percent--$123 billion--paid by Medicare and Medicaid.

Typically, patients are covered by Medicare for most outpatient and hospital care. Medicaid foots the bill for a substantial amount of care, including long-term care, amounting to an estimated $21 billion in 2005, according to the National Alzheimer's Association.

Alzheimer's patients who also have other chronic conditions--such as high blood pressure, high cholesterol and diabetes--use health care services and hospitals more often than others their age. On average, total Medicaid and Medicare costs for health care services, long-term and hospice care are three times higher for older people living with Alzheimer's than for other older people, according to the Alzheimer's Association.

Alzheimer's places significant financial burdens on families and businesses. Businesses lose billions a year in lost productivity and replacement expenses for employees who miss work or quit to care for a relative, according to the National Institute on Aging.

At least 30 legislatures have created a state Alzheimer's plan or established a task force to do so. The plans often include looking for ways to improve early detection, better coordinate health care services, set training requirements for health care providers and support people caring for their relatives.

A new report from the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, "Healthy People 2020," establishes measureable goals to monitor the progress of state and community health data for the coming...