Taxation

AuthorPhillip L. Jelsma/Pamela Everett Nollkamper
Pages451-510
TAXATION
12-1
CHAPTER 12
TAXATION
§12:10 FEDERAL TAX CONSIDERATIONS
§12:20 Classif‌ication
§12:30 Check-the-Box Regulations
§12:40 Elective Classif‌ication System
§12:50 Late Classif‌ication Filing
§12:60 Key Def‌initions
§12:70 Classif‌ication Process
§12:80 Taxpayer I.D. Numbers in Multi-Member LLCs
§12:90 Election Classif‌ication Process
§12:100 Single-Member Taxation
§12:110 Introduction
§12:120 Single-Member LLC Taxpayer Identif‌ication Numbers
§12:121 Single-Member LLC May Affect Basis in Another LLC
§12:130 Conversion to Single-Member LLC
§12:140 Conversion From Single-Member LLC to Multi-Member
§12:150 Single-Member LLCs and Marital Property/
Tenancy by the Entireties and Community Property
§12:170 LLC Partnership Taxation
§12:180 In General
§12:190 Taxation of Member Contributions
§12:200 Tax Allocations With Respect to Contributed Property
§12:201 Allocation of Deductions Attributable to Contributed Property
§12:202 Allocation of Deductions of Appreciated Property and
Other Consequences After Admitting a New Member
§12:203 Allocation of Income and Deductions
§12:210 Pass-Through Taxation
§12:220 Basis and Distribution
§12:230 Effect of Debt on Member’s Basis
§12:240 Allocation of Partnership Tax Items
§12:250 Termination
§12:260 Member Withdrawal and Retirement
§12:270 Section 734 and Section 743 Basis Adjustment
§12:280 Application of At-Risk Rules
§12:290 Members Affected
§12:300 Suspended Losses
§12:310 Real Estate Exception
TAXATION
The Limited Liability Company 12-2
§12:320 Passive Loss Restrictions
§12:330 [Reserved]
§12:340 General Rule
§12:350 Material Participation
§12:360 General Rule
§12:370 Application to Limited Partners
§12:380 Application to Members and Managers
§12:390 Audits
§12:400 Formation and Operation Issues
§12:410 Contribution of Appreciated Property
§12:420 Classes of Ownership
§12:430 Securities
§12:440 Distributions
§12:450 Allocations
§12:460 Deductions of LLC Losses by Members
§12:470 Limitations on Deductions
§12:480 Merger, Consolidation and Conversion Issues
§12:490 Overview
§12:500 Partnership Conversion
§12:501 Partnership/LLC Merger
§12:502 Division of an LLC
§12:510 Conversion of Limited Partnership to LLC
§12:520 Professional Partnership Conversion
§12:530 Corporation Conversion
§12:540 Dissolution Issues
§12:550 Continuation or Winding Up
§12:560 Application to Managers
§12:570 Tax Matters Partner
§12:580 Designation
§12:590 Power to Represent LLC
§12:600 Accounting Methods; Taxable Year
§12:610 Overview
§12:620 Self-Employment Tax Issues
§12:630 Single-Member Employment Taxes
§12:640 Multiple-Member LLCs Employment Taxes
§12:650 Estate and Gift Tax Valuation Discounts
§12:660 Family LLCs and Income-Splitting
§12:670 Overview
§12:680 Discount Valuation Restrictions Caused by IRC §2704(b)
§12:690 Avoiding Discount Valuation Problems
§12:700 Drafting Solutions
§12:710 Employer Trust Funds
§12:720 Overview
§12:730 Def‌inition of “Responsible Person”
§12:740 Steps to Minimize Liability
§12:750 Single-Member LLCs and Responsible Person
§12:760 Levying on Assets of LLC/Collection Activity
§12:770 The LLC as an Exempt Organization
§12:780 Use of the LLC as an Exempt Organization
§12:790 Anti-Abuse Regulations
§12:800 Overview
§12:810 STATE TAX CONSIDERATIONS
§12:820 Overview
§12:900 USE OF LLCS IN LIKEKIND EXCHANGES
TAXATION
12-3 Taxation §12:50
§12:10 FEDERAL TAX CONSIDERATIONS
§12:20 Classif‌ication
Ηιστοριχαλ χονχερνσ αβουτ ωηετηερ α δοµεστιχ (ΥΣ) ΛΛΧ ωουλδ βε ταξεδ ασ α παρτνερσηιπ αρε νοω οϖερ. Ωιτη
τηε χηεχκ−τηε−βοξ ρεγυλατιονσ, τηε ΛΛΧσ ταξ στατυσ ισ νοω ασσυρεδ. Πρεσεντεδ ιν τηισ σεχτιον αρε τηε ρεγυλατιονσ,
ωηετηερ το ελεχτ ουτ οφ παρτνερσηιπ τρεατµεντ ανδ ηοω το µακε τηε ελεχτιονσ, ιφ νεεδεδ.
ΛΛΧσ τηατ ηαϖε µορε τηαν ονε µεµβερ ωιλλ βε τρεατεδ ασ α παρτνερσηιπ φορ φεδεραλ ινχοµε ταξ πυρποσεσ υνλεσσ
τηε µεµβερσ ελεχτ το βε τρεατεδ ασ αν ασσοχιατιον ταξαβλε ασ α χορπορατιον. Ιφ νοτηινγ ισ δονε ιν χοννεχτιον ωιτη τηε
ελεχτιον, τηε ΛΛΧ ωιλλ βε α παρτνερσηιπ φορ ταξ πυρποσεσ. Τηισ ισ ηελπφυλ σινχε ιν τηε Σ Χορπορατιον αρεα, τηερε αρε
µψριαδ πριϖατε λεττερ ρυλινγσ αλλοωινγ λατε ελεχτιονσ οφ Σ Χορπορατιον στατυσ βεχαυσε οφ µισχοµµυνιχατιονσ, ορ οτηερ

οφ Σ Χορπορατιονσ. Ωιτη ΛΛΧσ, τηερε ισ νο ωορρψ αβουτ τηε ταξ στατυσ ασ α παρτνερσηιπ.
Ηιστοριχαλ χονχερνσ αβουτ ωηετηερ αν ΛΛΧ τηατ ηασ ονε µεµβερ ωουλδ βε ταξεδ ασ α χορπορατιον αρε νοω οϖερ
ασ ωελλ. Αν ΛΛΧ ωιτη ονλψ ονε µεµβερ ισ νοτ ρεχογνιζεδ φορ ταξ πυρποσεσ ασ αν εντιτψ σεπαρατε φροµ ιτσ οωνερ.
Νο ελεχτιον ισ ρεθυιρεδ ασ τηε ΛΛΧ ισ ινϖισιβλε το τηε φεδεραλ ταξ λαω, βυτ τηε σινγλε−µεµβερ ΛΛΧ δοεσ χρεατε

αρατε εντιτψ φορ στατε λαω πυρποσεσ ανδ νεεδσ το µαινταιν ιτσ σεπαρατενεσσ ιν ορδερ το αϖοιδ σοµεονε συχχεσσφυλλψ
πιερχινγ τηε χορπορατε ϖειλ. Σεε Χηαπτερ 11 φορ δισχυσσιον ον πιερχινγ τηε χορπορατε ϖειλ. Φροµ α στατε περσπεχτιϖε,

παρτιχυλαρ στατε ανδ ινφορµ τηε στατε οφ ωηο ισ τηε οωνερ ιν τηε ρετυρν.
§12:30 Check-the-Box Regulations
§12:40 Elective Classif‌ication System




τηεσε ρεγυλατιονσ ωερε αν ινϖαλιδ εξερχισε ιν ιντερπρετινγ τηε στατυτε. Λιττριελλο ϖ. Υ.Σ.
ag
§12:50 Late Classif‌ication Filing







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
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