Un sistema bancario robusto.
[ILUSTRACIÓN OMITIR]
Luego de sobrevivir la crisis de crédito internacional, el sector financiero de Brasil se encuentra preparado para apoyar los planes de crecimiento de los negocios en el 2010. "Nuestro sistema bancario demostró ser muy resistente", afirma el abogado Bruno Balduccini, quien es socio del estudio jurídico Pinheiro Neto Advogados, en Sao Paulo. "Ni un solo banco o institución financiera tuvo que recurrir a préstamos con tasas de descuento o préstamos de emergencia o se fue a la quiebra".
Durante el año pasado, el Banco Central y el gobierno federal tomaron pasos para mejorar la liquidez en los mercados, lo que incluyó el relajamiento de los límites para depósitos obligatorios y la utilización de reservas en dólares estadounidenses para financiamiento comercial para exportadores brasileros. "Además, las instituciones financieras en Brasil utilizan un método muy conservador para sus prácticas de préstamos e inversiones, afirma Balduccini. "Una de las razones es que el accionista controlador de una institución financiera asume personalmente la responsabilidad total en el caso en que la institución quiebre, indiferentemente de cual sea la causa de dicha quiebra.
Desde su perspectiva en el Banco Central, Meirelles indica que el índice de la relación entre la deuda general de la nación y el PIB se mantiene bajo (ver diagrama), y que los bancos brasileros normalmente mantienen índices de capital saludables. En el 2008, el promedio del capital de los bancos brasileros era el 16,4 por ciento de activos ponderados en función del riesgo, casi el doble del estándar internacional, el cual es 8 por ciento.
Para la primera mitad del 2009, Banco do Brasil reportó un aumento del 7,5 por ciento en ingreso neto, comparado con el mismo período del 2008, mientras que Banco Bradesco obtuvo un aumento del 2,8 por ciento. Otro banco líder, Itaú Unibanco Holding S.A., anunció una...
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