Singapore

• Pages: 1-75

CHAPTER 18

SINGAPORE

Sin

g

apore-3

CONTENTS

A.OVERVIEW ............................................................................................................ 7

1.General Policies Underlying Singapore Competition Law ......................... 7

a.Overview of Singapore’s Competition Law ....................................... 7

b.Principal Objectives of Competition Law in Singapore ..................... 8

2.Overview of the Competition and Consumer

Commission of Singapore ......................................................................... 10

a.Functions and Duties of the CCCS ................................................... 10

b.Powers of the CCCS ......................................................................... 11

3.Market Definition ...................................................................................... 12

a.Importance of Defining the Relevant Markets .................................. 12

b.General Principles of Market Definition ........................................... 12

c.Relevant Product Market .................................................................. 13

(1)Demand-Side Substitution ........................................................ 14

(2)Supply-Side Substitution .......................................................... 14

d.Relevant Geographic Market ............................................................ 15

(1)Demand-Side Substitution ........................................................ 15

(2)Supply-Side Substitution .......................................................... 16

(3)Imports ..................................................................................... 16

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B.SUBSTANTIVE LAW ............................................................................................ 17

1.Anti-Competitive Agreements .................................................................. 17

a.Prohibition of anti-Competitive Agreements .................................... 17

b.Undertakings ..................................................................................... 18

(1)Economic Activities and Public Functions ............................... 19

(2)Single Economic Entity ............................................................ 19

(3)Activities by Singapore Government ....................................... 21

c.Agreements, Decisions and Concerted Practices .............................. 21

(1)Agreements .............................................................................. 21

(2)Decisions by Associations of Undertakings ............................. 22

(3)Concerted Practices .................................................................. 22

d.Types of Activities Prohibited .......................................................... 23

(1)“Object” Restrictions ................................................................ 24

(2)“Effect” Restrictions ................................................................ 26

e.Appreciability ................................................................................... 26

f.Net Economic Benefit Exclusion ...................................................... 28

(1)Efficiency Gains ....................................................................... 29

(2)Indispensability ........................................................................ 29

(3)No Elimination of Competition ................................................ 30

2.Abuse of Dominant Position ..................................................................... 30

a.Prohibition of Abuse of Dominant Position ...................................... 30

b.Definition of “Dominance” ............................................................... 32

(1)Market Shares ........................................................................... 32

(2)Barriers to Entry and Expansion .............................................. 32

(3)Countervailing Buyer Power .................................................... 34