SIC 2816 Inorganic Pigments
SIC 2816
This industry classification is comprised of establishments engaged in manufacturing inorganic color pigments, white pigments, and black pigments, including animal black and bone black. Carbon black is classified in SIC 2895: Carbon Black. Organic color pigments are classified in SIC 2865: Cyclic Organic Crudes and Intermediates, and Organic Dyes and Pigments.
325131
Inorganic Dye and Pigment Manufacturing
Inorganic pigments serve the purpose of imparting color to various compounds. They also add properties such as rust inhibition, rigidity, and abrasion resistance. Pigments are insoluble substances that can be incorporated into a material to selectively absorb or scatter light. Depending on the specific pigment used, different visual effects are produced. Inorganic pigments may be obtained from a variety of naturally occurring or synthetically produced mineral sources. The counterparts, organic pigments, are carbon compounds derived from petroleum sources.
In comparison with organic pigments, inorganic pigments are generally better able to withstand the affects of sunlight and chemical exposure. They provide superior opacity, which means they can render a substance or object opaque by prohibiting light from passing through it. Inorganic colors, however, tend to be less bright, pure, and rich than their organic counterparts. Because inorganic pigments possess less tinting strength, more pigment is needed to produce the desired effect. This generally makes them more durable. Almost all inorganic pigments are completely insoluble. Consequently they do not bleed or leach out of coatings, inks, or plastics. In addition, inorganic pigments are usually less expensive than similar organic colors.
Pigments differ from dyes as a result of their distinctive chemical natures. Dyes are soluble, and to impart color they are dissolved in a carrier and applied by a process that involves chemical changes. Pigments however, remain unchanged physically and chemically. They function without altering their crystalline, particulate, or metabolic structures.
Inorganic pigments are classified as single-metal oxides, mixed-metal oxides, and earth colors. Single-metal oxides include pigments made from titanium, zinc, cobalt, and chromium. Mixed-metal oxides include pigments such as cobalt aluminate blue, which is used in ceramic glazes, and nickel antimony titanate, manganese antimony titanate, and chromium antimony titanate, which are used for outdoor coatings and plastic siding. Earth colors, including siennas, ochers, and umbers, are generally made from iron oxides and lead chromates. A method of high-temperature firing called calcination is used to produce pigments with improved heat resistance.
Pigment manufacturers supply inorganic colors in a variety of forms such as powders, pastes, granules, slurries, and suspensions. Pigment users include manufacturers of paints and stains, printing inks, plastics, synthetic textiles, paper, cosmetics, contact lenses, soaps and detergents, wax, modeling clay, chalks, crayons, artists' colors, concrete and masonry products, and ceramics.
Within the inorganic pigments classification, the largest selling individual pigment is titanium dioxide (TiO2), a white pigment with opacifying characteristics. Titanium dioxide is by far the most widely used white pigment in the world. It is a solid that melts at over 1800 degrees Celsius. It has a higher refractive index than any other substance except diamonds. It is polymorphous and exists in three crystal structures: rutile, anatase, and brookite. To utilize titanium dioxide's special properties, it must be developed to an ideal particle size. Most often, the particle size is one half the wavelength of visible light, or about 0.3 microns.
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- Chemicals and Allied Products
- SIC 2812 Alkalies and Chlorine
- SIC 2813 Industrial Gases
- SIC 2816 Inorganic Pigments
- SIC 2819 Industrial Inorganic Chemicals, Not Elsewhere Classified
- SIC 2821 Plastic Materials and Resins
- SIC 2822 Synthetic Rubber (Vulcanizable Elastomers)
- SIC 2823 Cellulosic Manmade Fibers
- SIC 2824 Organic Fibers—Noncellulosic
- SIC 2833 Medicinal Chemicals and Botanical Products
- SIC 2834 Pharmaceutical Preparations
- SIC 2835 In Vitro and In Vivo Diagnostic Substances
- SIC 2836 Biological Products, Except Diagnostic Substances
- SIC 2841 Soap and Other Detergents, Except Specialty Cleaners
- SIC 2842 Specialty Cleaning, Polishing, and Sanitation Preparations
- SIC 2843 Surface Active Agents, Finishing Agents, Sulfonated Oils, and Assistants
- SIC 2844 Perfumes, Cosmetics, and Other Toilet Preparations
- SIC 2851 Paints, Varnishes, Lacquers, Enamels, and Allied Products
- SIC 2861 Gum and Wood Chemicals
- SIC 2865 Cyclic Organic Crudes and Intermediates and Organic Dyes and Pigments
- SIC 2869 Industrial Organic Chemicals, Not Elsewhere Classified
- SIC 2873 Nitrogenous Fertilizers
- SIC 2874 Phosphatic Fertilizers
- SIC 2875 Fertilizers, Mixing Only
- SIC 2879 Pesticides and Agricultural Chemicals, Not Elsewhere Classified
- SIC 2891 Adhesives and Sealants
- SIC 2892 Explosives
- SIC 2893 Printing Ink
- SIC 2895 Carbon Black
- SIC 2899 Chemicals and Chemical Preparations, Not Elsewhere Classified
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