Section 100 Urine Testing

• Library: DWI Experts and the Science of Chemical Tests 2014

A massive amount of scientific articles and studies documents that the BAC or impairment cannot be established sufficiently reliably for forensic purposes from a pooled bladder urine specimen because of the extensive variability of the blood-urine ratio of alcohol and the fact that a pooled sample can span a great deal of time.

A urine sample from an unvoided bladder—the person has not fully emptied the bladder before the testing of newly produced urine (some say it is impossible to fully empty a bladder)—is just a history lesson of what happened some time ago and not a current determination for impairment purposes. Only two alcohol studies are cited here, but numerous studies exist for both alcohol and drug urine testing. See:

· Kurt M. Dubowski, Absorption, Distribution and Elimination of Alcohol: Highway Safety Aspects, 10 J. STUDIES ON ALCOHOL 98 (Supp. 1985)

· Charles L. Winek et al., The Unreliability of Using a Urine Ethanol Concentration to Predict a Blood Ethanol Concentration, 25 FORENSIC SCI. INT’L 277 (1984)

Missouri urine tests are regulated by MoDHSS regulation. 19 CSR § 25‑30.070.

The requirements of a urine sample are basic; it must be:

· collected in a clean container;

·...