Scientific proof of brain injury

• Author: Jim Wren/Laura Brown
• Pages: 489-508

SCIENTIFIC PROOF

OF BRAIN INJURY

21-1

CHAPTER 21

SCIENTIFIC PROOF

OF BRAIN INJURY

I. GENERAL POINTS ON MILD TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY (MTBI)

§21:01 The Importance of Understanding the Science

§21:02 Teaching Brain Science to Jurors

§21:03 The Incidence of Brain Injuries

II. UNDERSTANDING MTBI

§21:10 Def‌inition of mTBI

§21:11 Causes of mTBI

§21:12 Acute Concussion Evaluation (ACE)

§21:13 Diff‌iculties in Diagnosing mTBI

§21:14 Radiologic Abnormalities

§21:15 Preexisting Risk Factors

§21:16 Possibility of Recovery

§21:17 Useful Resources

III. DIAGNOSTIC OPTIONS FOR IDENTIFYING MTBI

A. Evaluation Methods

§21:20 Glasgow Coma Scale

§21:21 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine Def‌inition

B. Neuroimaging

§21:30 Categories and Use

§21:31 Dealing With No Observable Changes

§21:32 Defense Attacks on Neuroimaging Results

§21:33 Computed Tomographic (CT) Scan

§21:34 Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

§21:34.1 Functional MRI (fMRI)

§21.34.2 Double-Pulsed-Field Gradient MRI (dPFG MRI)

§21:35 [Reserved]

§21:36 Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI)

§21:37 Single Photon Computed Tomography (SPECT) and Positron Emission Tomography (PET)

§21:38 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS)

§21:39 Electroencephalography (EEG), Quantitative EEG (QEEG),

and Brain Electrical Activity Mapping (BEAM)

§21:40 Arterial Spin Labeling (ASL)

§21:41 Gradient Echo Plural Contrast Imaging (GEPCI)

§21:42 Susceptibility-Weighted Imaging (SWI)

SCIENTIFIC PROOF

OF BRAIN INJURY

Proving Damages to the Jury 21-2

§21:43 Dynamic Susceptibility Contrast MRI (DSC-MRI) and Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MRI

(DCE-MRI)

C. Other Techniques

§21:50 Blood-Based Biomarkers

§21:51 Effort Testing/Malingering Tests

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