Rapidez móvil: los celulares avanzan en América Latina, mientras que la telefonía fija va a la baja.
Author | Pfeifer, Margarida O. |
El mercado de telecomunicaciones de América Latina, estimado en US$114,000 millones por la consultora Pyramid Research, tuvo un crecimiento anual promedio de 13.6% en el período de 2002 a 2006. Mucho más de lo que avanzaron las mejores economías de la región.
Latinoamérica presenta la tasa de crecimiento más alta del mundo en telecomunicaciones --en Europa es de 6.1%, y en Estados Unidos y Canadá, de 3.5%. Buena parte del incremento latinoamericano se debe al fuerte ritmo mostrado por la telefonía móvil.
"Hay un estancamiento de la telefonía fija y un crecimiento constante de celulares, que dentro de algunos años alcanzarán una penetración de 100% en América Latina", observa Eduardo Tude, presidente de Teleco, la principal consultora brasileña de telecomunicaciones. En Brasil, el mayor mercado de telecomunicaciones de Latinoamérica, el número de celulares ya superaba los 105 millones en mayo pasado.
Mientras tanto, la telefonía fija sufrió un retroceso de 3% en 2006, quedándose con 38.5 millones de líneas, según un estudio realizado por Teleco y la Asociación Brasileña de Telecomunicaciones. En Chile, hubo una caída de 2.5%, y en México y Argentina los teléfonos fijos permanecieron estables.
"Lo que vemos en el mundo es que el teléfono fijo está siendo amenazado por los celulares, y por la expansión de la banda ancha y la voz sobre IP [VoIP]", afirma Tude. "Las operadoras de telefonía fija intentan diversificar servicios para no perder ingresos y la banda ancha es uno de sus blancos". La banda ancha fue el servicio de telecomunicaciones que más creció en Brasil el año pasado. El número de usuarios pasó de 3.8 millones a 5.8 millones en un año, un salto de 47.5%.
Para el presidente de la Asociación Brasileña de Concesionarias de Servicio Telefónico Fijo, José Fernandes Pauletti, el teléfono fijo será cada vez más comercial y la red será usada para servicios de banda ancha. "El camino es el de la convergencia fijo-móvil. Es inevitable que las empresas comiencen a ofrecer cada vez más un...
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