A new racism: just when we thought apartheid had been banished for good.

• Author: Gordimer, Nadine
• Position: Brief Article - Interview

Last spring World Watch interviewed South African writer Nadine Gordimer on her concerns about human genetic engineering.

World Watch: Last year, in Durban, you gave a speech at the U.N. conference on racism, and you suggested that human engineering could be the new face of racism. Could you elaborate?

Nadine Gordimer: There are precedents for breeding that is politically manipulated. You only have to think of the Nazi German ideal, the blond blue-eyed German.

There's a very big distinction between the sort of genetic engineering that could prevent certain diseases, and the possibility of breeding a different or separate race of people. There's always a good that can come out of it, but how do you control the evil?

WW: In some of your writing, you have pointed to the possibility of a two-tiered health care system in which the rich or mostly light-skinned people have access to the new genetic medicine, while the poor, mostly dark-skinned people have not.

NG: Yes. I was thinking particularly of my own country [South Africa], and I was thinking specifically of AIDS. Now, among people who have money to provide themselves with the drugs that are available to control HIV or AIDS itself, there's a good chance to go on living. But in the poor, mostly black majority of our population, they simply cannot afford these drugs. So AIDS is a death sentence for them.

WW: So, you are saying that just as the anti-retroviral drugs that help treat the symptoms of AIDS are only available to a small minority, any genetic breakthrough that we are likely to see in the next few decades is likely to be similarly priced and accessible only to a few.

NG: We are looking at a terrible imbalance between the rich and the poor of the world.

WW: Sometimes we wonder whether scientists don't simply do everything they can because that's what they are driven to do. If they are able to split the atom, they will split it. If they are able to make clones, they will make them. Maybe it's a part of our hubris that we just rush forward and build whatever we can, and inevitably we encounter consequences we haven't foreseen.

NG: There is something wonderful about the constant wish to discover. It you're a writer, you are always looking for the meaning of human life; your whole writing life is a process of discovery, of solving the mystery of human...