Puerto Rico's African Roots.

• Author: Murphy-Larronde, Suzanne

THERE'S ANANA, bochinche, and burundanga;funche, gardinga, and guarapo, malangga, mofongo, and nangotao--and these are only a few of the African words that spice up Puerto Rico's rapid-fire version of the Spanish language. Prominently inscribed on a first-floor wall of the Museum of Our African Roots (Museo de Nuestra Raiz Africana) in Old San Juan, these melodious mouthfuls--along with more than a dozen other informative exhibits--illustrate the pivotal role that African immigrants have played over the last five centuries in the social and cultural development of this onetime Spanish colony in the Greater Antilles.

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Located on Plaza San Jose, just steps from San Jose Church, the Museum of Our African Roots occupies one of the Historic District's oldest Spanish colonial buildings, the restored, two-story Casa de los Contrafuertes. First-floor rooms are dedicated, in part, to African geography and social history and culture, and among the displays are elegant masks, delicately carved bronze and ivory spoons, Congolese talismans, and musical instruments from Mali, Guinea, and other west-central African countries. They include drums, harps, maracas, and the guitar-like marimbola, which made its New World appearance in the nineteenth century. "This one is an mbila," notes museum guide Orlando Abreu, pointing to a small block of wood with a row of tunable metal teeth. "It's considered a precursor of the piano."

Suspended above the staircase leading to the museum's second floor, an imposing map illustrates what came to be known as el comercio triangular, the triangle-shaped trade route first forged in the early 1500s with the introduction of slavery to the Americas, according to Abreu.

By contrast, the museum's second-floor exhibits celebrate the lives and cultural contributions of Puerto Rican blacks, as well as America's first black...