A One-Woman AIDS Campaign.

• Author: Law, Violet
• Position: Acquired immune deficiency syndrome

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BY THE TIME DR GAO YAOJIE landed at the Newark Liberty International Airport on February 27 two years ago, the eighty-two-year-old obstetrician-gynecologist from China had defied not only her country but also her family. The 8,000 miles Dr. Gao flew amounted to a short distance in her arduous journey in exposing public health crises and malpractice rampant in her country.

"I'm coming for the sick and the poor in China," said Dr. Gao, who spoke to Congress, as well as to audiences in New York, Chicago, and Minneapolis.

Ever since the late 1990s, when the retired doctor stumbled upon the massive spread of HIV and AIDS among poor peasants who subsidize their livelihood, often at the urging of provincial officials, by selling platelets and blood, there has been no letting up for her. Defying gag orders and threats, she has brought the matter to the attention of the central government in Beijing--and then to the world.

"She was somewhat of a lone voice on this massive humanitarian crisis. She was a one-woman AIDS campaign," says Joan Kaufman, director of the AIDS Public Policy Training Project at Harvard University.

For her work, Dr. Gao has received numerous awards from outside China, including one in 2001 from the U.N. Global Health Council. But officials from her home province have had her under surveillance since 2000. By 2007, when she received yet another award, this time from an organization founded by Hillary Clinton, Dr. Gao was determined to travel abroad--to seek not glory but help for AIDS patients in China. It took diplomatic intervention by then-Senator Clinton to secure safe passage for Dr. Gao. (When Clinton, as Secretary of State, visited China in February, she again met with Dr. Gao.)

Dr. Gao tends to the needs of AIDS patients and publishes leaflets to spread knowledge on HIV. When Florence Wong, an official with the China AIDS Orphan Fund in Bloomington, Minnesota, visited Dr. Gao in her hometown in 2005, Wong saw how Dr. Gao has turned her spacious apartment into a public health education campaign office. It was full of reading materials on AIDS and HIV.

"She is defiant," says Wong. "She said if she were to die tomorrow because of the government, 'That would be fine by me; I'm almost eighty years old. I've lived a long life.'"

But she won't tolerate government interference with her work. Dr. Gao was outraged by what she calls a smear campaign on the Internet to stall her efforts to help AIDS victims...