United Mine Workers v. Coronado Coal Company 259 U.S. 344 (1922) Coronado Coal Company v. United Mine Workers 268 U.S. 295 (1925)
Author | David Gordon |
Pages | 2756-2757 |
Page 2756
In two nearly identical cases, the Supreme Court provided opposite answers to the same question: does the SHERMAN ANTITRUST ACT apply to local strikes that indirectly restrain commerce? The United Mine Workers (UMW) struck to prevent an employer from closing its mines despite valid
Page 2757
union contracts; violence and property damage resulted. The company sued the union claiming a Sherman Act conspiracy to restrain INTERSTATE COMMERCE. In its defense, the UMW claimed that it was exempt from suit because it was unincorporated and, because mining was local, that there had been no Sherman Act violation. On APPEAL to the Supreme Court, Chief Justice WILLIAM HOWARD TAFT declared for a unanimous bench that, although unions (even though unincorporated) could clearly be sued, the union had not violated the Sherman Act here. Mining was merely local; any interference concerned the PRODUCTION rather than the distribution of goods. Taft said no restraint of trade existed, absent an explicit showing of intent to restrain trade, unless the obstruction had "such a direct, material and substantial effect to restrain [commerce] that intent reasonably may be inferred." Taft thus introduced new tests of reasonableness (see RULE OF REASON) and intent.
The company soon appealed with new EVIDENCE. Again unanimous, the Supreme Court now said that when intent to restrain trade attended a decrease in production, a previously "indirect and remote obstruction" became a direct interference in violation of the law. The Court...
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