Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment–Revised Scores in Adolescents: A Psychometric and Person‐Oriented Study
Author | James R. Andretta,Michael T. McKay,John L. Perry,Séamus A. Harvey |
DOI | http://doi.org/10.1111/fare.12252 |
Published date | 01 July 2017 |
Date | 01 July 2017 |
J R. A Superior Court of the District of Columbia
M T. MK University of Liverpool
S A. H Bangor University
J L. P University of Hull
Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment–Revised
Scores in Adolescents: A Psychometric and
Person-Oriented Study
Objective: Identify perceived parental security
proles and examine differences across proles
with regard to self-esteem and three domains
of self-efcacy (i.e., social, emotional, and
academic).
Background: The Inventory of Parent and Peer
Attachment–Revised (IPPA-R) is an index of
the quality of communication, feelings of trust,
and degree of alienation that adolescents and
young adults perceive in their parental and peer
relationships. However, the factor structure of
IPPA-R scores has yet to be examined in ado-
lescents, and no study to date has included
a person-oriented analysis using the assess-
ment tool.
Method: Conrmatory factor analysis (CFA)
and exploratory structural equation modeling
(ESEM) were planned to examine the structural
validity of IPPA-R scores in a large sample of
adolescents (N=1,126; 61% male, 12–16 years
of age). Model-based clustering was employed
Superior Court of the District of Columbia, Child Guidance
Clinic, 510 4th Street, NW #330, Washington, DC 20001
(jamesrandretta@gmail.com).
Key Words: Adolescents, Inventory of Parent and Peer
Attachment–Revised, parent attachment, peer attachment,
perceived parental security.
to enumerate perceived parental security pro-
les, and Cohen’s deffect sizes were used to
interpret prole differences in outcomes.
Results: CFA (root mean square error of
approximation, RMSEA =.06, comparative t
index, CFI =.90) and ESEM (RMSEA =.04,
CFI =.95) substantiated the proposed three-
factor structure for IPPA-R parent (but not
peer) scores. Model-based clustering led to
the identication of ve perceived parental
security proles: (a) high security, (b) mod-
erately high security, (c) average security, (d)
moderately low security, and (e) low security.
Adolescents with high security and low security
proles, respectively, reported the highest and
lowest levels of self-esteem and self-efcacy
(0.48 ≤Cohen’s d≤1.67).
Conclusion: IPPA-Rparent, but not peer,scores
appear to be a valid index of perceived parental
security in adolescents. Perceived parental
security proles are strongly associated with
self-concept.
Implications: A student’s self-condence in his
or her ability to manage emotions and cope with
the academic demands of school is explained,
in part, by perceived parental security. There-
fore, interventions designed to develop feelings
of trust and closeness with parents, as well as
Family Relations 66 (July 2017): 527–540 527
DOI:10.1111/fare.12252
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