La innovacion que realmente importa.
Author | Gutierrez, Santiago |
Las grandes investigaciones no siempre resuelven los problemas mas acuciantes del ser humano. A veces, lo que se necesita es esa innovacion que nace de unas pocas ideas bien aplicadas pero que mejoran el dia a dia de la gente.
?Cual es la innovacion que cuenta? Llevada a extremos, esa es una discusion bizantina. Nadie puede negar el valor inmenso de la investigacion de cielo azul. Al contrario, todos deberiamos estar en capacidad de asombrarnos con la elegancia y la formidable relevancia de los avances teoricos en las ciencias.
Lo mismo, admirar el trabajo de personas que se dedican a resolver problemas teoricos sin importar si tienen aplicacion practica o no. Tantas veces ese conocimiento nos ha ayudado, incluso decadas despues, a entender mejor al ser humano y al universo.
Sin embargo, la innovacion que se necesita para el desarrollo economico es mas pedestre, tal vez menos elegante, pero cuenta mucho para los 650 millones de habitantes de la region. Es la que convierte ideas en bienes, servicios que mejoran la existencia de las personas.
Las medidas usadas para medir la innovacion aplicada al desarrollo no son buenas. Gasto publico en investigacion y desarrollo, numero de patentes, por ejemplo. Esas son parte de una historia tan incompleta, tan sospechosa y tal vez tan inutil como lo ha sido la de entender que nos falta anadir tres o cuatro puntos porcentuales del PIB a la inversion en infraestructura para cerrar la brecha con los paises desarrollados.
El caso de las patentes ilustra el problema. Los datos de la OMPI muestran que los residentes de Alemania presentan cada ano 72.700 solicitudes de patentes, 11 veces mas que las 6.500 que presentan los residentes de toda America Latina y el Caribe juntos.
Dramatico, pero aun si esos numeros aumentaran sustancialmente, seguramente nos quedariamos en el...
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