Index

• Library: Defense of Serious Traffic Cases in Virginia (Virginia CLE) (2020 Ed.)

INDEX

References are to pages

ACCIDENT REPORTS	100, 200
ACCIDENT RESPONSE COSTS, RECOVERY OF	2, 497
ACCIDENT, LEAVING SCENE OF See also HIT AND RUN	13, 479, 498
ADMINISTRATIVE APPEALS
Mandatory actions	529
Nonmandatory actions	528
ADMINISTRATIVE LOSS OF LICENSE
Generally	509
Commercial drivers	49
Court program permits community service in lieu of payment	516
DMV intervention	513
Driving after forfeiture of license	503
DUI administrative suspension	3
Entire driving history considered	514
Excessive point accumulators	514
Failure to pay costs and fines	516
Failure to pay motor vehicle-related judgment	517
Incident to arrest	515
Juvenile drivers	512
Petition for restoration of license	518, 520
Petition for restricted permit	518
Pretrial hearing	244
Pretrial suspension	515
Reapplying for license	523
Reckless or negligent drivers	514
Reinstatement of license	523
Required revocation	516
Rescission of suspension	516
Restoration of habitual offender's license	520
Restricted driving permits. See RESTRICTED DRIVING PERMITS
Serious offenses	23, 517
Virginia driver convicted of out-of-state offense	488
ADMINISTRATIVE SANCTIONS	509
AERIAL CLOCKING	380
AGGRESSIVE DRIVING	11, 505
ALCOHOL-RELATED OFFENSES. See INTOXICATION-RELATED OFFENSES
ALTERNATIVE SENTENCING OPTIONS
Exceptions to standard sentencing formula	481
Home/electronic monitoring	508
Intensive probation supervision	507
Probation	507
SCRAM (alcohol detection) ankle bracelets	508

[Page I-1]

Weekends, Commonwealth's objection to serving jail time on	509
Weekends, serving jail time on	509
ANDERS BRIEFS	309
APPEAL
Generally	309
Administrative	475
By Commonwealth	307
Nonmeritorious appeals	309
Of misdemeanor conviction	84, 99, 103
Reopening the case	102
APPEAL FROM BAIL BOND, OR RECOGNIZANCE	79
ARREST
Generally	58
Admissibility of tests	154
At medical facility	147
Blood alcohol searches	161
Breach of the peace	59
Case examples	143
"Citizen arrest" by police officer	59, 153
Close pursuit	151
Custodial interrogation issues	156
Definition	142
Demeanor	147
Driving behavior	144
Expectation of privacy in car	163
Field sobriety testing	144, 147
Illegal or unconstitutional arrest	154
Investigative detentions	158
Jurisdiction	149
Miranda issues	156
Misdemeanor arrest statute	61
Mistaken identity	143
Mutual aid agreements with locality	153
Odor of alcohol	146
Officer in uniform	59
Prearrest custody	156
Preliminary breath test	60, 145
Private property	28, 43, 67, 72, 152
Probable cause for arrest
Generally	143
DUI cases	144
Pretrial suspension of license	144
Radar and other technology	59
Refusal to take blood or breath test	99, 155
Search encompasses "crime of arrest"	163
Search incident to arrest	163
Search warrant for blood test	161

[Page I-2]

Submission to police authority	61
Summons in lieu of arrest as affecting implied consent	61, 147
Territorial jurisdiction	149
Terry stops	158
Testimonial versus physical evidence	156
Three-hour time limit in DUI implied consent cases	294
Three-hour time limit in DUI implied consent cases	44
Valid arrest under Virginia law	147
Venue	65
Without a warrant	61, 147
BAIL See BOND
BAIL, BOND, OR RECOGNIZANCE
Appeal from	79
BLOOD TESTS
Generally	72, 417
Admissibility into evidence	86, 92, 154, 294, 295
Certificate of analysis. See CERTIFICATE OF ANALYSIS
Commercial drivers	74, 98, 304
Commonwealth can request return of second sample	269
Compliance with statute	72, 73, 418
Drug-related	27, 86, 271
Effects of Birchfield v North Dakota	44
Exigent circumstances	161
Expert testimony	422
Hearsay exception	264
Hospital blood tests	420
Inability to take breath test as reason for	413
Independent testing	421
Laboratory problems	262, 422
Medical history of driver	267
Procedures for taking and handling sample	72
Qualifications of individual taking sample	296
Refusal to take test	47, 99, 305, 422, 498
Search	161
Search warrants required	30, 43, 67, 72
Second sample	269, 270, 418
Self-administered intoxicants	415
Substantial compliance	72, 73
Three-hour time limit for arrest	294
Unavailability of test	296, 413
Variations between blood samples	422
When used	155, 402, 417, 422
BODY WORN CAMERA	287
BOND
Bail in subsequent proceedings	80
Bond hearing	241
Duty of arresting officer	78

[Page I-3]

Incarcerated client	199
Presumption against	79
Priority on court's docket	241
BRAKES, FAULTY	6
BREACH OF THE PEACE	59
BREATH TESTS
Generally	72, 383
"Blank check"	406
"Relation back"	414
"True copies" of records	92
Admissibility into evidence	92, 154, 264, 294
Anyone with DFS qualifications may administer	413
Certificate of analysis See CERTIFICATE OF ANALYSIS
Commercial drivers	74, 304
Deficient sample	407
Diagnostic test	406
Effects of Birchfield v North Dakota	44
Error margins	407
Flaws in analysis	261, 407
Hearsay exception	264, 410
Implied consent	71, 410
Inability to take test	72, 413
Intox EC/IR II	92, 398, 402
Intoxilyzer 5000	30, 404, 409
Medical history of driver	267
Mouth alcohol interference	409
Online instrument records	251, 402, 411
Operating procedures	406
Operator error	407
Paperwork	266, 411
Preliminary breath test
Generally	60, 91, 145
Admission at pretrial hearings	399
Statutory, administrative, and constitutional law	398
Voluntary	91
Qualification of individual administering test	296, 411
Reckless driving	3
Refusal to submit to test	43, 47, 99, 155, 276, 305, 422
Retrograde extrapolation	414
Scientific principles	404
Simulation test problems	409
Statutory regulation	402
Substantial compliance	72, 73, 413
Three-hour time limit for arrest	294
Unavailability of test	296, 413
Underage consumption	303
Written request for copy	267

[Page I-4]

CALIBRATION
Police equipment	88
Radar. See LASER RADAR TECHNOLOGY; MICROWAVE RADAR TECHNOLOGY
Speedometer (police or defendant)	88, 198, 379
CERTIFICATE OF BLOOD ALCOHOL ANALYSIS
Generally	258
"Notice and demand" rights	249, 262
Admissibility of
Generally	92
Implied consent law as basis for	71
Certificate of analysis as hearsay exception	258, 264, 410
Confrontation Clause issues. See CONSTITUTIONAL ISSUES
Filing requirements	295
Pretrial motion requesting	82
Testimony by two-way video conferencing	262, 411
Two-way video testimony by analyst	92
CLIENT CONTACT AND PREPARATION
Generally	191, 201, 475
Agenda for first meeting	193
Appeal, advising client regarding	309
Bond. See BOND
Case evaluation	196
Chronology of events	193
Client "homework"	194, 479
Client's goals	196
Closing the client's file	311
Confirming letter to client	310
Conflict check	191
Continuance	193
Documents and paperwork	194, 195, 205
Driving while license suspended	478
DUI	478
Excessive speed	478
Factual problems	476
Fee agreement	197
Incarcerated client	199
Interviewing witnesses	204, 206
Meeting subsequent to fact-gathering	207
Possibility of jail time	480
Preparation for first meeting	192
Pretrial alcohol and substance abuse evaluation	198
Prior criminal and traffic records	195, 481
Reckless driving	478
Recommendations for client action	198
Review of Commonwealth's evidence	200
Settlement negotiations	206
Speedometer calibration	88, 198

[Page I-5]

Testimony of defendant	197, 281, 288
Written restitution orders	475
CLOSE PURSUIT	151
COLLATERAL CONSEQUENCES OF CONVICTION	2, 497
Immigration consequences for noncitizens	2
COLLATERAL ESTOPPEL	244
COMMERCIAL DRIVERS
Generally	49
Automatic pretrial suspensions apply	48
Cell phones	505, 526
Disqualification. See DISQUALIFICATION OF COMMERCIAL DRIVERS
Driving while disqualified	24
DUI	303
Enhanced punishments	52
First offense	50
Second offense	50
Third or subsequent offense	51
Handheld communications devices	3, 505, 526
Implied consent to drug/alcohol testing	86, 249
Ineligible for restricted license	496
Inference of intoxication	98, 298
Out-of-service order	74, 304
Preliminary breath test	60
Pretrial administrative license suspension	304
Reckless driving	505
Refusal to submit to testing	48
Reinstatement of license	48
Roadblocks	133
Serious traffic offense defined	1
Statutory amendments to match traditional DUI statute	303
Suspension of license	517
Testing for drugs and...