In the Supreme Court of the United States Spokeo, Inc., petitioner, v. Thomas Robins, individually and on behalf of all others similarly situated, respondent.

• Position: No. 13-1339

On Writ of Certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit

BRIEF OF THE CHAMBER OF COMMERCE OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, THE AMERICAN HOTEL & LODGING ASSOCIATION, THE AMERICAN TORT REFORM ASSOCIATION, THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF DEFENSE COUNSEL, THE NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MANUFACTURERS, AND THE NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS AS AMICI CURIAE IN SUPPORT OF PETITIONER

ROY T. ENGLERT, JR.

Counsel of Record

ARIEL N. LAVINBUK

ERIC A. WHITE

ROBBINS, RUSSELL, ENGLERT, ORSECK, UNTEREINER & SAUBER LLP

1801 K Street, NW

Suite 411L

Washington, D.C. 20006

(202) 775-4500

renglert@robbinsrussell.com

Counsel for Amici Curiae

[Additional Counsel Listed On Inside Cover]

MATTHEW L. MACLAREN

AMERICAN HOTEL & LODGING ASSOCIATION

1250 I Street, NW

Suite 1100

Washington, D.C. 20005

MARY-CHRISTINE SUNGAILA

HAYNES AND BOONE, LLP

600 Anton Boulevard

Suite 700

Costa Mesa, CA 92626

ELIZABETH MILITO

NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS

1101 Connecticut Ave., NW

Suite 400

Washington, D.C. 20036

KATE COMERFORD TODD

WARREN POSTMAN

U.S. CHAMBER LITIGATION CENTER, INC.

1615 H Street, NW

Washington, D.C. 20062

LAUREN SHEETS JARRELL

AMERICAN TORT REFORM ASSOCIATION

1101 Connecticut Ave., NW

Suite 400

Washington, D.C. 20036

LINDA E. KELLY

PATRICK FORREST

NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MANUFACTURERS

733 10th Street, NW

Washington, D.C. 20001

TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF AUTHORITIES INTEREST OF THE AMICI CURIAE INTRODUCTION AND SUMMARY OF ARGUMENT ARGUMENT I. STATUTORY INJURY-IN-LAW IS NO SUBSTITUTE FOR ARTICLE III INJURY-IN-FACT II. ABANDONING ARTICLE III INJURY IN-FACT WOULD INVITE ABUSIVE CLASS-ACTION LITIGATION III. THE FCRA SHOULD BE CONSTRUED TO AVOID CONFLICT WITH ARTICLE III CONCLUSION TABLE OF AUTHORITIES

Cases

ACLU v. Albuquerque, 188 P.3d 1222 (N.M. 2008)

Allen v. Wright, 468 U.S. 737 (1984)

Amchem Prods., Inc. v. Windsor, 521 U.S. 591 (1997)

Ariz. Christian Sch. Tuition Org. v. Winn, 131 S. Ct. 1436 (2011)

Arizona v. Inter Tribal Council of Ariz., Inc., 133 S. Ct. 2247 (2013)

ASARCO Inc. v. Kadish, 490 U.S. 605 (1989)

AT&T Mobility LLC v. Concepcion, 131 S. Ct. 1740 (2011)

Bateman v. Am. Multi-Cinema, Inc., 623 F.3d 708 (9th Cir. 2010)

Bateman v. Am. Multi-Cinema, Inc., No. 2:07-CV-00171-FMC-AJWX, Docket No. 114 (C.D. Cal. Oct. 11, 2011)

Beaudry v. TeleCheck Servs., Inc., 579 F.3d 702 (6th Cir. 2009)

Blanco v. CEC Entm't Concepts L.P., No. CV 07-0559 GPS (JWJx), 2008 WL 239658 (C.D. Cal. Jan. 10, 2008)

Bond v. United States, 134 S. Ct. 2077 (2014)

Carter v. Mont. Dep't of Transp., 905 P.2d 1102 (Mont. 1995)

Chakejian v. Equifax Info. Servs., LLC, 256 F.R.D. 492 (E.D. Pa. 2009)

Cicilline v. Jewel Food Stores, Inc., 542 F. Supp. 2d 831 (N.D. 111. 2008)

Cincinnati City Sch. Dist. v. State Bd. of Educ., 680 N.E.2d 1061 (Ohio 1996)

Clark v. Martinez, 543 U.S. 371 (2005)

Coleman v. Sopher, 459 S.E.2d 367 (W. Va. 1995)

Coopers & Lybrand v. Liuesay, 437 U.S. 463 (1978)

Dover Historical Soc'y v. City of Dover Planning Comm'n, 838 A.2d 1103 (Del. 2003)

Dowell v. Wells Fargo Bank, NA, 517 F.3d 1024 (8th Cir. 2008)

Elk Grove Unified Sch. Dist. v. Newdow, 542 U.S. 1 (2004)

Evans v. U-Haul Co. of Cal., No. CV 07-2097-JFW, 2007 WL 7648595 (C.D. Cal. Aug. 14, 2007)

Ex parte McKinney, 87 So. 3d 502 (Ala. 2011)

Fed. Election Comm'n v. Akins, 524 U.S. 11 (1998)

Feminist Women's Health Ctr. v. Burgess, 651 S.E.2d 36 (Ga. 2007)

Fernandez v. Takata Seat Belts, Inc., 108 P.3d 917 (Ariz. 2005)

Frisby v. Schultz, 487 U.S. 474 (1988)

Gladstone, Realtors v. Vill. of Bellwood, 441 U.S. 91 (1979)

Glisson v. City of Marion, 720 N.E.2d 1034 (111. 1999)

Godfrey v. State, 752 N.W.2d 413 (Iowa 2008)

Hammer v. Sam's East, Inc., 754 F.3d 492 (8th Cir. 2014)

Harris v. Experian Info. Solutions, Inc., No. 6:06-cv-1808-GRA, Docket No. 201 (D.S.C. June 30, 2009)

Hoffmann-La Roche Inc. v. Sperling, 493 U.S. 165 (1989)

In re Facebook Privacy Litig., 791 F. Supp. 2d 705 (N.D. Cal. 2011)

Jerman v. Carlisle, McNellie, Rini, Kramer & Ulrich LPA, 559 U.S. 573 (2010)

Jerman v. Carlisle, McNellie, Rini, Kramer & Ulrich LPA, No. 1:06-cv-1397, 2011 WL 1434679 (N.D. Ohio Apr. 14, 2011)

Jerman v. Carlisle, McNellie, Rini, Kramer & Ulrich LPA, No. 1:06-cv-1397-PAG, Docket No. 62-1 (N.D. Ohio May 3, 2011)

Jerman v. Carlisle, McNellie, Rini, Kramer & Ulrich LPA, No. 1:06-cv-1397-PAG, Docket No. 88-1 (N.D. Ohio Dec. 13, 2011)

Kendall v. Employees Ret. Plan of Avon Prods., 561 F.3d 112 (2d Cir. 2009)

Kesler v. Ikea U.S. Inc., No. SACV 07-568 JVS (RNBx), 2008 WL 413268 (C.D. Cal. Feb. 4, 2008)

Lexmark Int'l, Inc. v. Static Control Components, Inc., 134 S. Ct. 1377 (2014)

Lopez v. KB Toys Retail, Inc., No. CV 07-144-JFW (CWx), 2007 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 82025 (C.D. Cal. July 17, 2007)

Lujan v. Defenders of Wildlife, 504 U.S. 555 (1992)

Massachusetts v. EPA, 549 U.S. 497 (2007)

Medrano v. WCG Holdings, Inc., No. SACV 07-0506 JVS (RNBx), 2007 WL 4592113 (C.D. Cal. Oct. 15, 2007)

Murray v. GMAC Mortg. Corp., 434 F.3d 948 (7th Cir. 2006)

Nw. Austin Mun. Util. Dist. No. One v. Holder, 557 U.S. 193 (2009)

O'Shea v. Littleton, 414 U.S. 488 (1974)

Parker v. Time Warner Enter. Co., L.P., 631 F. Supp. 2d 242 (E.D.N.Y. 2009)

Pierce v. San Mateo County Sheriff's Dept., 232 Cal. App. 4th 995 (Cal. Ct. App. 2014)

Pippen v. State, 854 N.W.2d 1 (Iowa 2014)

Pub. Citizen v. U.S. Dep't of Justice, 491 U.S. 440 (1989)

Raines v. Byrd, 521 U.S. 811 (1997)

Save the Pine Bush, Inc. v. Common Council of the City of Albany, 918 N.E.2d 917 (N.Y. 2009)

Schlesinger v. Reservists Comm, to Stop the War, 418 U.S. 208 (1974)

Sea Pines Ass'n for the Protection of Wildlife, Inc. v. S.C. Dep't of Natural Res., 550 S.E.2d 287 (S.C. 2001)

Shady Grove Orthopedic Assocs., P.A. v. Allstate Ins. Co., 559 U.S. 393 (2010)

Sierra Club v. Dep't of Transp., 167 P.3d 292 (Haw. 2007)

Sierra Club v. Morton, 405 U.S. 727 (1972)

Specht v. Netscape Commc'ns Corp., 150 F. Supp. 2d 585 (S.D.N.Y. 2001), aff'd, 306 F.3d 17 (2d Cir. 2002)

Specht v. Netscape Commc'ns Corp., Nos. 1:00-CV-4871, et al., Docket No. 94 (S.D.N.Y. Apr. 22, 2005), aff'd sub nom. Weindorfv. Netscape Commc'ns Corp., 173 F. App'x 44 (2d Cir. 2006)

Specht v. Netscape Commc'ns Corp., Nos. 1:00-CV-4871, et al, 2000 WL 34500293 (S.D.N.Y. Aug. 3, 2000)

Specht v. Netscape Commc'ns Corp., Nos. 1:00-CV-4871, et al, 2004 WL 5475796 (S.D.N.Y. Sept. 2, 2004)

State Bank of Cherry v. CGB Enters., Inc., 984 N.E.2d 449 (111. 2013)

State v. Maddox, 825 N.W.2d 140 (Minn. 2013)

Steel Co. v. Citizens for a Better Env't, 523 U.S. 83 (1998)

Summers v. Earth Island Inst., 555 U.S. 488 (2009)

Taylor v. Acxiom Corp., 612 F.3d 325 (5th Cir. 2010)

Tex. Ass'n of Bus. v. Tex. Air Control Bd., 852 S.W.2d 440 (Tex. 1993)

Town of Parker v. Milton, 726 A.2d 477 (Vt. 1998)

Toxic Waste Impact Grp., Inc. v. Leavitt, 890 P.2d 906 (Okla. 1994)

Trafficante v. Metro. Life Ins. Co., 409 U.S. 205 (1972)

Trans Union LLC v. FTC, 536 U.S. 915 (2002)

Troy v. Red Lantern Inn, Inc., No. 07 C 2418, 2007 WL 4293014 (N.D. 111. Dec. 4, 2007)

United States v. Sec. Indus. Bank, 459 U.S. 70 (1982)

US Fax Law Ctr., Inc. v. iHire, Inc., 362 F. Supp. 2d 1248 (D. Colo. 2005)

Utah Chapter of Sierra Club v. Utah Air Quality Bd., 148 P.3d 960 (Utah 2006)

Valley Forge Christian Coll. v. Ams. United for Separation of Church & State, Inc., 454 U.S. 464 (1982)

Vt. Agency of Natural Res. v. United States ex rel. Stevens, 529 U.S. 765 (2000)

Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. v. Dukes, 131 S. Ct. 2541 (2011)

Wallace v. ConAgra Foods, Inc., 747 F.3d 1025 (8th Cir. 2014)

Wasden v. State Bd. of Land Comm'rs, 280 P.3d 693 (Idaho 2012)

Weindorf v. Netscape Commons Corp., 173 F. App'x 44 (2d Cir. 2006)

White v. E-Loan, Inc., No. C 05-02080, 2006 WL 2411420 (N.D. Cal. Aug. 18, 2006)

Statutes

2 U.S.C. [section] 437g(a)(l)

12 U.S.C. [section] 4907(a)(2)

15 U.S.C. [section] 1116(d)

15 U.S.C. [section] 1125(d)

15 U.S.C. [section] 1640(a)(2)

15 U.S.C. [section] 1681c(g)

15 U.S.C. [section] 1681n

15 U.S.C. [section] 1681n(a)(l)(A)

15 U.S.C. [section] 1692

15 U.S.C. [section] 1692k(a)(2)

15 U.S.C. [section] 1693m(a)(2)(A)

18 U.S.C. [section] 2707(c)

18 U.S.C. [section] 2721

18 U.S.C. [section] 2722

18 U.S.C. [section] 2723

18 U.S.C. [section] 2724

18 U.S.C. [section] 2725

29 U.S.C. [section] 1854(c)

29 U.S.C. [section] 1854(d)

29 U.S.C. [section] 1854(e)

29 U.S.C. [section] 2104(a)(3)

47 U.S.C. [section] 227(b)

47 U.S.C. [section] 227(b)(3)(B)

47 U.S.C. [section] 551(f)(2)(A)

47 U.S.C. [section] 605(a)

Other Authorities

151 Cong. Rec. 1664 (Feb. 8, 2005)

Adeola Adele, Dukes v. Wal-Mart: Implications for Employment Practices Liability Insurance (July 2011), available at http://usa.marsh.com/ Portals/9/Documents/FINPROFocus DukesvWalMartJuly2011.pdf

Jonathan H. Adler, Standing Still in the Roberts Court, 59 CASE W. Res. L. Rev. 1061 (2009)

Bradley J. Bondi, Facilitating Economic Recovery and Sustainable Growth through Reform of the Securities Class-Action System: Exploring Arbitration as an Alternative to Litigation, 33 HARV. J.L. & Pub. Pol'y 607 (2010)

Carlton Fields Jorden Burt, Class Action Survey: Best Practices in Reducing Cost and Managing Risk in Class Action Litigation (2015), available at http:// classactionsurvey.com/pdf/2015-classaction-survey.pdf

Gavin L. Charlston, When Silence Means Everything: The Application of Proposition 64 to Pending Actions, 58 Hastings L.J. 623 (2007)

Richard A. Epstein, Class Actions: Aggregation, Amplification, and Distortion, 2003 U. CHI. Legal. F. 475 (2003)

Henry J. Friendly, Federal Jurisdiction: A General View (1973)

FTC Workshop, Protecting Consumer Interests in Class Actions (Sept. 13-14, 2004), in Panel 2: Tools for Ensuring that Settlements are "Fair, Reasonable, and Adequate," 18 Geo. J. Legal Ethics 1197 (2005)

Matthew Grimsley, What Effect Will Wal-Mart v. Dukes Have on Small Businesses, 8 OHIO St. Entrepreneurial Bus. L.J. 99 (2013)

http://www.stop-junk-fax-spam.com/ services.html

Lawyers for Civil Justice et al., White Paper, Reshaping the Rules of Civil Procedure...