How to legally limit recording devices in the workplace.

• Position: In the Spotlight

These days, it's safe to assume that anything said or done at work may be recorded, preserved and instantly played back. That's because just about everyone carries a device capable of photographing and recording their surroundings. Be it a smartphone, tablet or laptop, cameras and voice recording systems are everywhere. Most are even operational with a simple phrase like "OK Google," "Hey Siri" or "Alexa."

However, employers can take concrete steps to limit how much of the technology is allowed in the workplace. In fact, many employers prohibit employees from making recordings in the workplace. But those policies may violate state and federal laws if not carefully crafted.

Who records and why

Both employees and employers have their own reasons for recording workplace goings-on. Employers use video surveillance to reduce inside theft. Audio recordings may be used to defend hostile environment claims. Workers may want to document unsafe working conditions or record what's said by whom during a disciplinary hearing.

But state and federal laws strictly limit under what circumstances such recordings may...