Una historia para los innovadores.
Position | Investigación económica en la Universidad de Minnesota |
[ILUSTRACIÓN OMITIR]
No sé qué tantos sepan dónde queda la Universidad de Minnesota. Muchos la imaginarán, no sin algo de razón, en medio de campos de trigo y soja. De esta universidad pública con vocación rural quizás se esperarían grandes avances en técnicas de fitopatología y veterinaria más que en ciencias sociales. Por eso, a lo mejor sorprenda que al final de los setenta y en los ochenta se hubiera forjado allí una enorme transformación en la teoría económica.
El reconocimiento de esa revolución está puesto claramente en la lista de los Nobel de Economía. En 2004 Edward Prescott recibió el premio por haber gestado en sus años como profesor en Minnesota, "la transformación de la política y la investigación en macroeconomía", dice la Academia sueca. Luego, en 2007, lo recibió Leonid Hurwicz, también profesor allí, por su teoría de diseño de mecanismos y después, en 2011, Christopher Sims y Thomas Sargent por sus aportes al análisis de causa y efecto en macroeconomía.
En una conversación tremendamente grata con Edward Foster, profesor emérito de Minnesota y decano por años del departamento de Economía, fue fácil identificar los elementos que convirtieron un par de pisos de un pequeño edificio en Minneapolis en uno de los sitios de generación de ideas más efervescentes del mundo, lejos de MIT, donde el asunto no sorprendería a nadie.
Primer elemento, rigor. Minnesota siempre fue muy fuerte en teoría. Foster recuerda que Milton Friedman, George Stigler y Robert Shiller fueron profesores de la universidad. Todos ellos recibieron después premios Nobel. Era una especie de buen caldo de cultivo para las ideas y, por qué no, una fuente de buenos ayudantes de investigación. Por ejemplo, Daniel McFadden y Lars Peter Hansen, estudiantes de la universidad, obtuvieron el Nobel en los 2000.
Segundo elemento, la mejor gente. Efectivamente por allí pasaron muchos de los más transformadores. No los mejores profesores, sino los más innovadores. Incluso, con un poco de desorden creativo. En otros departamentos, dijo...
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