Guide for users

• Pages: 1-2

Guide for Users

Footnote Structure

The footnotes in the Annual Review of Criminal Procedure direct the reader to the

most relevant and illustrative cases from each federal appellate court. Cases are listed

in the numerical order of the circuits, with the D.C. Circuit listed last.

Signals

The Annual Review of Criminal Procedure employs an unconventional use of intro-

ductory signals. “See” indicates that the authority is cited for a general proposition of

law or denotes Supreme Court precedent. “But see” indicates a standard that is contrary

to the “see” proposition of law, but is only used for Supreme Courtprecedent. “See,

e.g.,” shows the application of the law discussed in the above-the-line text to facts

of actual cases and, with some exceptions based on the language of the legal proposi-

tion, includes a group of cases in which the standard at issue was met. “But see, e.g.,”

is used to show the application of the law with a group of cases in which the same

standard at issue was applied, but the contrary result was reached. The “compare ...with”

citation form is used where circuits have split in their application of the law or where

there are differing approaches to the law.

States Included in Each United States Court of Appeals

First Circuit:Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Puerto Rico, Rhode

Island.

Second Circuit:Connecticut, NewYork, Vermont.

Third Circuit:Delaware, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Virgin Islands.

Fourth Circuit:Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, West Virginia.

Fifth Circuit:Louisiana, Mississippi, Texas.

Sixth Circuit:Kentucky, Michigan, Ohio, Tennesse e.

Seventh Circuit:Illinois, Indiana, Wisconsin.

Eighth Circuit:Arkansas, Iowa, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota,

South Dakota.

Ninth Circuit:Alaska, Arizona, California, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada,

Oregon, Washington, Guam, Northern Mariana Islands.

Tenth Circuit:Colorado, Kansas, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Utah.

Eleventh Circuit:Alabama, Florida, Georgia.

D.C. Circuit:District of Columbia.

51 GEO. L.J. ANN.REV.CRIM.PROC. (2022)1