El regreso de las vacas gordas: después de 5 años, los constructores colombianos superan la crisis de crédito y demanda.
Author | Muse, Toby |
Colombia está en construcción. En todos los rincones de su capital se levantan obras, y el mido de las perforadoras es omnipresente. Después de sufrir una de las peores crisis de su historia--entre 1996 y 2001--la industria de la construcción ya constituye el 5% de la quinta economía latinoamericana.
La recuperación de la construcción ha sido una bendición para el mercado laboral. Ayudó a reducir la tasa de desempleo urbano del 20.4%, en enero de 2002, una de las más altas de Latinoamérica, al 14.7%, a fines del año pasado.
Entretanto, los líderes del sector estiman que en 2003 la construcción de edificios aumentó en un 20%.
La crisis se debió a una combinación de altas tasas de interés y cambios en el sistema hipotecario, que terminó asfixiando la capacidad de compra de los colombianos. Además, el sector sufrió el bandazo de la peor recesión nacional en más de 50 años. En ese período, el 70% de las constructoras de Bogotá entraron en quiebra--la situación en ciudades como Cali fue aún peor.
Al bajar las tasas de interés hace dos años, y con la recuperación de la economía, el sector comenzó a revivir. El reinicio de la construcción de edificios de apartamentos, especialmente en los barrios más prósperos de las grandes ciudades, jalona el auge. El gobierno ha apoyado la industria mediante el aumento de subsidios para viviendas de familias de bajos recursos. Por su parte, los gastos estatales en obras de construcción no militares ascienden a US$150 millones al año.
"La recuperación también se debe a un aumento en la confianza de los inversionistas debido a la política de seguridad del presidente", afirma Carlos Agudelo, gerente general de AR Construcciones, una de las mayores constructoras de Bogotá. Los inversionistas y el sector privado han aplaudido la línea dura adoptada por el presidente Alvaro Uribe en la guerra civil que lleva cuatro décadas de duración.
En realidad, la mayor amenaza a la recuperación del sector de la construcción podría ser la...
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