Glossary.

Adab tradition--The statist political tradition of the Ottoman Empire.

Alevis--A Shiite sect in Turkey

Anatolian Tigers--Cities in Anatolia that have been marked by strong, high-tech driven economic growth in the 1990s. Includes Denizli, Corum, Urfa, Gaziantep and Konya.

Ataturk--see Mustafa Kemal Ataturk.

Baku-Ceyhan pipeline project--The proposed Caspian oil pipeline running between Baku, Azerbaijan and Ceyhan, Turkey

Caliph--Seen as the successor to Mohamed and the spiritual leader of the Islamic world. The title and the seat were transferred to the sultan of the Ottoman Empire in 1517.

Ciller, Tansu (b.1946)--Prime minister (1993-96) who became leader of the True Path Party in 1993. Ciller was Turkey's first female prime minister.

Demirel, Suleyman (b. 1920)--President (1993-2000). Member of the True Path Party and its leader from 1991 to 1993. Was Turkey's prime minister in various governments (1965-69, 1969-71, 1975-77, 1979-80 and 1991-93). He was the leader of the Justice Party until it was closed in the wake of the 1980 coup.

Democratic Left Party--Demokratik Sol Parti (DSP). Democratic socialist party led by Bulent Ecevit.

Democrat Party--Demokratik Parti (DP). The first serious challenge to the Republican People's Party, it was closed after the 1960 coup. Its leader, Adrian Menderes, was executed in 1961.

Earthquake diplomacy--The 1999 flurry of diplomacy between Turkey and Greece that was triggered by the occurrence of earthquakes in the two countries--one in August in Turkey and another the following month in Greece. Greece sent aid to Turkey when the earthquake occurred in Turkey; and Turkey reciprocated when Greece was struck. Also referred to as seismic diplomacy.

Ecevit, Bulent (b. 1925)--Prime minister (1974, 1978-79) and leader of the Democratic Left Party (1987-present). He has been an important figure in the political Left for the last 30 years.

Enver Pasha (b.1881-d.1922)--Pasha (see Pasha below) who died fighting in the Caucasus, he was part of the Committee of Union and Progress Party during the year of constitutional monarchy in Turkey (1876) and was also a leader of the Young Turk movement.

Erbakan, Necmettin (b.1926)--Former prime minister (1996-97) of the Welfare-True Path coalition. Islamist politician and most recently leader of the Welfare Party, which was closed in 1997. Previously; leader of the National Order Party and National Salvation Parties, both of which were banned by the state.

Fethullah Gulen...