La nueva geografía de las cadenas de suministro: mirando al sur: hay una nueva necesidad de buscar centros de producción industrial fuera de China y de reducir la distancia entre las fábricas y los grandes centros de consumo.
Recién ahora la economía global está empezando a comprender la magnitud de los cambios económicos que surgieron tras la gran crisis global de 2008. No es solo que las naciones del mundo desarrollado en Europa y Estados Unidos entraron en una recesión sin precedentes, sino que muchos sectores han tenido que transformase por cuenta de las dificultades.
Uno de los sectores en plena transformación es el del comercio internacional y el de las empresas que transportan bienes y participan en toda la cadena de suministros.
Las cadenas de suministro globales permiten que los bienes sean producidos y distribuidos a lo largo y ancho de los mercados del mundo. Estas cadenas están en pleno proceso de transformación lo que llevará en la próxima década a nuevos procesos de fabricación y venta, que además representarán oportunidades para América Latina.
Según un informe de 2012 del Foro Económico Mundial los impulsores de cambios en las cadenas de suministro son, en resumen, los crecientes costos de los combustibles, el surgimiento de nuevos centros de consumo por el crecimiento de las clases medias en países emergentes y el declive de China como el gran centro de producción industrial de bajo costo. La combinación de estas grandes tenencias está impulsando la necesidad de buscar nuevos centros de producción industrial fuera de China y la necesidad de reducir la distancia entre las fábricas y los grandes centros de consumo.
Según un documento de septiembre de 2013 de Supachai Panitchpakdi, secretario general de la Conferencia de las Naciones Unidas sobre el Comercio y el Desarrollo (Unctad), entidad con sede en Suiza, el comercio global atraviesa un cambio tan profundo que para muchas economías se trata de una modificación estructural en su modelo de desarrollo. "El cambio es de un modelo de desarrollo orientado a las exportaciones a otro más enfocado al consumo interno", dice d documento.
Esta transformación se debe a que las grandes fuentes de demanda del comercio global en d mundo desarrollado como Estados Unidos y Europa ya no están creciendo a los mismos niveles...
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