Ganadores y perdedores.
Author | Bamrud, Joachim |
Position | Econom |
¿QUIEN DIJO QUE EL TAMAÑO ES IMPORTANTE? VEAMOS EL CASO DE Chile: tiene la séptima economía de América Latina, pero marcha detrás de los gigantes Brasil y México en la lista de Latin Trade de las 100 mayores empresas que se cotizan en bolsa, que forman nuestro reportaje central de este mes. ¿Cuál es la razón de ese impresionante resultado? Primero, un sistema de libre mercado que se puso en vigor mucho antes que en el resto de la región. Segundo, una mentalidad de trabajo duro y de ambición. Por esas razones Chile alcanza la categoría de ganador.
Aunque nuestra lista no abarca a todos los grandes factores de la región (entre los que están, por supuesto, compañías que no se cotizan en bolsa), sí da un buen indicador del rumbo que han tomado las empresas en América Latina. La tendencia es muy prometedora: las ventas combinadas de las 100 mayores empresas de la lista de Latin Trade aumentaron de US$178.800 millones en 1995 (sobre la base de cifras de ventas de 1994) a US$247.800 millones este año (sobre la base de cifras de ventas de 1997). En ese período, el PIB de América Latina creció en un promedio anual del 3,6%. Durante los dos años próximos, las economías de la región deben crecer en un promedio del 3,8%, según cálculos de la CEPAL.
Desde luego, hay muchas interrogantes. A fines de este año, las victorias electorales de populistas como Lula en Brasil y el teniente coronel Hugo Chávez en Venezuela...
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