FEDERAL RULES OF EVIDENCE

• Jurisdiction: Colorado

FEDERAL RULES OF EVIDENCE

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ARTICLE I. GENERAL PROVISIONS

Rule 101. Scope; Definitions ............................................ 456

Rule 102. Purpose .................................................... 458

Rule 103. Rulings on Evidence .......................................... 458

Rule 104. Preliminary Questions.........................................463

Rule 105. Limiting Evidence That Is Not Admissible Against Other Parties or for Other Purposes ............................................ 466

Rule 106. Remainder of or Related Writings or Recorded Statements ............ 467

ARTICLE II. JUDICIAL NOTICE

Rule 201. Judicial Notice of Adjudicative Facts ............................. 467

ARTICLE III. PRESUMPTIONS IN CIVIL CASES

Rule 301. Presumptions in Civil Cases Generally ............................ 473

Rule 302. Applying State Law to Presumptions in Civil Cases ................. 477

ARTICLE IV. RELEVANCE AND ITS LIMITS

Rule 401. Test for Relevant Evidence ..................................... 478

Rule 402. General Admissibility of Relevant Evidence ....................... 480

Rule 403. Excluding Relevant Evidence for Prejudice, Confusion, Waste of Time, or Other Reasons ................................ 481

Rule 404. Character Evidence; Other Crimes, Wrongs, or Acts ................. 482

Rule 405. Methods of Proving Character .................................. 488

Rule 406. Habit; Routine Practice ........................................ 490

Rule 407. Subsequent Remedial Measures ................................. 492

Rule 408. Compromise Offers and Negotiations ............................. 494

Rule 409. Offers to Pay Medical and Similar Expenses ....................... 499

Rule 410. Pleas, Plea Discussions, and Related Statements .................... 500

Rule 411. Liability Insurance ............................................ 502

Rule 412. Sex-Offense Cases: The Victim's Sexual Behavior or Predisposition . . . . 503

Rule 413. Similar Crimes in Sexual-Assault Cases ........................... 509

Rule 414. Similar Crimes in Child Molestation Cases ........................ 510

Rule 415. Similar Acts in Civil Cases Involving Sexual Assault or Child Molestation ............................................ 511

ARTICLE V. PRIVILEGES

Rule 501. Privilege in General ........................................... 511

Rule 502. Attorney-Client Privilege and Work Product; Limitations on Waiver . . . . 515

ARTICLE VI. WITNESSES

Rule 601. Competency to Testify in General ................................ 520

Rule 602. Need for Personal Knowledge ................................... 522

Rule 603. Oath or Affirmation to Testify Truthfully..........................523

Rule 604. Interpreter .................................................. 523

Rule 605. Judge's Competency as a Witness ................................ 524

Rule 606. Juror's Competency as a Witness ................................ 525

Rule 607. Who May Impeach a Witness ................................... 529

Rule 608. A Witness's Character for Truthfulness or Untruthfulness.............530

Rule 609. Impeachment by Evidence of a Criminal Conviction.................534

Rule 610. Religious Beliefs or Opinions ................................... 543

Rule 611. Mode and Order of Examining Witnesses and Presenting Evidence.....543

Rule 612. Writing Used to Refresh a Witness's Memory ...................... 548

Rule 613. Witness's Prior Statement......................................549

Rule 614. Court's Calling or Examining a Witness ........................... 551

Rule 615. Excluding Witnesses .......................................... 552

ARTICLE VII. OPINIONS AND EXPERT TESTIMONY

Rule 701. Opinion Testimony by Lay Witnesses ............................. 553

Rule 702. Testimony by Expert Witnesses ................................. 556

Rule 703. Bases of an Expert's Opinion Testimony .......................... 562

Rule 704. Opinion on an Ultimate Issue ................................... 565

Rule 705. Disclosing the Facts or Data Underlying an Expert's Opinion .......... 566

Rule 706. Court-Appointed Expert Witnesses ............................... 567

ARTICLE VIII. HEARSAY

Rule 801. Definitions That Apply to This Article; Exclusions from Hearsay.......573

Rule 802. The Rule Against Hearsay ...................................... 582

Rule 803. Exceptions to the Rule Against Hearsay — Regardless of Whether the Declarant Is Available as a Witness ............................ 583

Rule 804. Hearsay Exceptions; Declarant Unavailable........................607

Rule 805. Hearsay Within Hearsay .......................................618

Rule 806. Attacking and Supporting the Declarant's Credibility ................ 619

Rule 807. Residual Exception ........................................... 621

ARTICLE IX. AUTHENTICATION AND IDENTIFICATION

Rule 901. Authenticating or Identifying Evidence ........................... 622

Rule 902. Evidence That Is Self-Authenticating ............................. 626

Rule 903. Subscribing Witness's Testimony ................................ 632

ARTICLE X. CONTENTS OF WRITINGS, RECORDINGS, AND PHOTOGRAPHS

Rule 1001. Definitions That Apply to This Article ............................632

Rule 1002. Requirement of the Original .................................... 633

Rule 1003. Admissibility of Duplicates ..................................... 635

Rule 1004. Admissibility of Other Evidence of Content........................635

Rule 1005. Copies of Public Records to Prove Content ........................ 637

Rule 1006. Summaries to Prove Content .................................... 637

Rule 1007. Testimony or Statement of a Party to Prove Content .................638

Rule 1008. Functions of the Court and Jury .................................639

ARTICLE XI. MISCELLANEOUS RULES

Rule 1101. Applicability of the Rules ......................................639

Rule 1102. Amendments ................................................ 645

Rule 1103. Title .......................................................646

FEDERAL RULES OF EVIDENCE

These are the Federal Rules of Evidence, as amended to December 1, 2015.

Effective Date and Application of Rules

Pub. L. 93-595, §1, Jan. 2, 1975, 88 Stat. 1926, provided: "That the following rules shall take effect on the one hundred and eightieth day [July 1, 1975] beginning after the date of the enactment of this Act [Jan. 2, 1975]. These rules apply to actions, cases, and proceedings brought after the rules take effect. These rules also apply to further procedure in actions, cases, and proceedings then pending, except to the extent that application of the rules would not be feasible, or would work injustice, in which event former evidentiary principles apply."

Historical Note

The Federal Rules of Evidence were adopted by order of the Supreme Court on Nov. 20, 1972, transmitted to Congress by the Chief Justice on Feb. 5, 1973, and to have become effective on July 1, 1973. Pub. L. 93-12, Mar. 30, 1973, 87 Stat. 9, provided that the proposed rules "shall have no force or effect except to the extent, and with such amendments, as they may be expressly approved by Act of Congress". Pub. L. 93-595, Jan. 2, 1975, 88 Stat. 1926, enacted the Federal Rules of Evidence proposed by the Supreme Court, with amendments made by Congress, to take effect on July 1, 1975.

The Rules have been amended Oct. 16, 1975, Pub. L. 94-113, §1, 89 Stat. 576, eff. Oct. 31, 1975; Dec. 12, 1975, Pub. L. 94-149, §1, 89 Stat. 805; Oct. 28, 1978, Pub. L. 95-540, §2, 92 Stat. 2046; Nov. 6, 1978, Pub. L. 95-598, title II, §251, 92 Stat. 2673, eff. Oct. 1, 1979; Apr. 30, 1979, eff. Dec. 1, 1980; Apr. 2, 1982, Pub. L. 97-164, title I, §142, title IV, §402, 96 Stat. 45, 57, eff. Oct. 1, 1982; Oct. 12, 1984, Pub. L. 98-473, title IV, §406, 98 Stat. 2067; Mar. 2, 1987, eff. Oct. 1, 1987; Apr. 25, 1988, eff. Nov. 1, 1988; Nov. 18, 1988, Pub. L. 100-690, title VII, §§7046, 7075, 102 Stat. 4400, 4405; Jan. 26, 1990, eff. Dec. 1, 1990; Apr. 30, 1991, eff. Dec. 1, 1991; Apr. 22, 1993, eff. Dec. 1, 1993; Apr. 29, 1994, eff. Dec. 1, 1994; Sept. 13, 1994, Pub. L. 103-322, title IV, §40141, title XXXII, §320935, 108 Stat. 1918, 2135; Apr. 11, 1997, eff. Dec. 1, 1997; Apr. 24, 1998, eff. Dec. 1, 1998; Apr. 17, 2000, eff. Dec. 1, 2000; Mar. 27, 2003, eff. Dec. 1, 2003; Apr. 12, 2006, eff. Dec. 1, 2006; Sept. 19, 2008, Pub. L. 110-322, §1(a), 122 Stat. 3537; Apr. 28, 2010, eff. Dec. 1, 2010; Apr. 26, 2011, eff. Dec. 1, 2011; Apr. 16, 2013, eff. Dec. 1, 2013; Apr. 25, 2014, eff. Dec. 1, 2014.

ARTICLE I. GENERAL PROVISIONS

■ Rule 101. Scope; Definitions

(a) Scope. These rules apply to proceedings in United States courts. The specific courts and proceedings to which the rules apply, along with exceptions, are set out in Rule 1101.

(b) Definitions. In these rules:

(1) "civil case" means a civil action or proceeding;

(2) "criminal case" includes a criminal proceeding;

(3) "public office" includes a public agency;

(4) "record" includes a memorandum, report, or data compilation;

(5) a "rule prescribed by the Supreme Court" means a rule adopted by the Supreme Court under statutory authority; and

(6) a reference to any kind of written material or any other medium includes electronically stored information.

NOTES

(Pub. L. 93-595, §1, Jan. 2, 1975, 88 Stat. 1929; Mar. 2, 1987, eff. Oct. 1, 1987; Apr. 25, 1988, eff. Nov. 1, 1988; Apr. 22, 1993, eff. Dec. 1, 1993; Apr. 26, 2011, eff. Dec. 1, 2011.)

Notes of Advisory Committee on Proposed Rules

Rule 1101 specifies in detail the courts, proceedings, questions, and stages of proceedings to which the rules apply in whole or in part.

Notes of Advisory Committee on Rules—1987 Amendment

United States bankruptcy judges are added to conform this rule with Rule 1101(b) and Bankruptcy Rule 9017.

Notes of Advisory Committee on Rules—1988 Amendment

The amendment is technical. No substantive change is intended.

Notes of Advisory Committee on Rules—1993 Amendment

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