EnergÃa renovable: avances silenciosos.
Author | Fredrick, James |
[ILUSTRACIÓN OMITIR]
Durante los primeros 75 días de 2015, Costa Rica no usó ningún producto de petróleo para generar electricidad, una rara hazaña en cualquier parte del mundo. Abundantes lluvias dieron impulso a las mayores represas hidroeléctricas del país, en tanto la energía geotérmica y la eólica compensaron el resto. Aunque Costa Rica no se considera a sí misma un país que pueda depender 100 por ciento de la energía renovable--esperan que esto ocurra en 2021--y otros países latinoamericanos estén bastante retrasados al respecto, este es un signo de los nuevos tiempos.
Nicaragua--un país que todavía depende en gran medida del petróleo importado--está generando cerca de un tercio de su energía de fuentes renovables como la geotérmica y la eólica. Chile vive bajo la ley "20/25", según la cual 20 por ciento del parque eléctrico debe ser renovable para 2025. Asimismo, en 2013, las inversiones en energía solar y eólica en el país superaron los US$ 1.500 millones.
A pesar de los bajos precios actuales del petróleo, en los últimos años Latinoamérica avanzó en materia de energía renovable.
"El caso de Uruguay es un indiscutible paradigma de éxito en energía renovable", dice Víctor Hugo Ventura, Jefe de la Unidad de Energía y Recursos Naturales de la Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL), de la ONU. En efecto, para el período 2010-2015, el gobierno uruguayo proyectó un parque energético compuesto de 55 por ciento de energía hidroeléctrica, 28 por ciento de energía eólica, 10 por ciento de biomasa y 7 por ciento de gas natural.
MERCADOS MAYORES
La energía renovable puede predominar en Uruguay y Costa Rica, pero los ojos están puestos sobre todo en los mayores mercados de la...
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